Exam 18: New Patterns in New Worlds: Colonialism and Indigenous Responses in the Americas, 1500-1800

By means of land-labor grants called __________, Spanish entrepreneurs were entitled to use forced indigenous or imported slave labor to exploit natural resources in the New World.

The largest of the Atlantic port cities in the British colonies of North America was _________, followed closely by New York.

The primary mining centers in colonial Spanish America were _______ in southeastern Peru (today's Bolivia) and Zacatecas and Guanajuato in northern Mexico.

After meeting Pizarro at the town square of Cajamarca in 1532, Atahualpa:

Muñoz Camargo, Fernando Alvarado Tezózomoc, and Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala were only a few of the many:

One of the indicators of the success of Portuguese settlements in the Brazilian interior was:

Juana Inés de la Cruz secretly studied Latin, Greek, and _________ in her maternal grandfather's library.

Hernán Cortés established __________ as a base for further inland exploration.

_________ were American-born descendants of European settlers, primarily of Iberian ancestry.

The relatively slow pace of the Portuguese conquest in Brazil, compared to the meteoric success the Spaniards enjoyed over the vast Aztec and Inca empires, can be explained by all but one of the following:

The original English colonies in North America went from being merely English to being part of a "British" empire after the _________.

As in Spain, the only income tax in New Spain was the __________.

Losses to the Spanish empire came in the mid-seventeenth century, beginning with:

When the Portuguese conquered Brazil, the indigenous population was estimated to be nearly _________ inhabitants.

The Spaniards established land-labor grants or _________ entitling the land grantee the use of forced indigenous or imported slave labor on this land for the purpose of exploiting its agricultural and mineral resources.

Colonial Brazil did not offer higher education prior to 1800, which is why the earliest universities in colonial Latin America were all in Spanish America. Among these, the oldest were those of Santo Domingo, Mexico City and _________.

Leading a motley force of about 530 Spanish men, _________ defeated a much larger indigenous force at Tabasco in 1518.