Exam 12: Ntergovernmental Administration

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What are unfunded mandates? How are they used and what are the problems associated with their use?

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Unfunded mandates are regulations or requirements imposed by the government on state and local governments, as well as private entities, without providing the necessary funding to implement them. These mandates can come in the form of laws, regulations, or judicial decisions that require certain actions or compliance with specific standards, but do not allocate the necessary resources to carry them out.

Unfunded mandates are often used by the federal government as a way to address national issues or concerns by shifting the responsibility and cost of implementation to lower levels of government or private entities. They are also used to ensure uniformity and consistency in policies and regulations across different jurisdictions.

The problems associated with the use of unfunded mandates are numerous. First and foremost, they place a significant financial burden on state and local governments, as well as private entities, who are forced to comply with the mandates without receiving any financial assistance. This can strain already limited resources and lead to budget deficits or cuts in essential services.

Additionally, unfunded mandates can lead to a lack of flexibility and autonomy for state and local governments, as they are forced to divert resources and attention to meeting federal requirements rather than addressing their own unique needs and priorities. This can hinder innovation and local decision-making.

Furthermore, unfunded mandates can create inequities and disparities among different jurisdictions, as those with greater financial resources may be better equipped to comply with the mandates, while others may struggle to do so. This can exacerbate existing inequalities and lead to a lack of uniformity in implementation.

Overall, unfunded mandates can be a source of frustration and financial strain for those required to comply with them, and can hinder effective governance and local decision-making. As such, there is ongoing debate and discussion about the appropriate use and regulation of unfunded mandates at the federal level.

A formal agreement between two or more states for the purpose of protecting state interests and insuring better delivery of services to citizens is a/an

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_______________________ occurs when the national government grants money directly to local governments and bypasses the states.

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The distribution of funds from the national government to subnational governments is referred to as

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Historically, what has been the federal role in shoring up state and local government budgets? What problems are associated with fiscal federalism?

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States governments are comparably less responsive and effective than the national government or large city governments.

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The Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Lopez (1995) reasserted the power of the national government.

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The clear constitutional division of spheres of authority between state and national government is

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The various relationships established among all units of government fall under the umbrella of

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Local or regional self-determination has grown steadily despite the legal precedent of Dillon's rule. The growing independence of local jurisdictions is referred to as

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Briefly compare and contrast the different types of local governments present in the United States.

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Americans do not like ultralocalism or government fragmentation.

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Almost two-fifths of local governments are concentrated in metropolitan areas.

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A ________________ grant is a type of formula grant that allows the recipient government more discretion and latitude in how to spend the money.

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Local governments are creatures of the states.

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Federalism is the division of power between two or more units or levels of government.

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When cities and counties work together to provide better services to their citizens they generally enter into a/an

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In _________________ federalism, subnational governments are bribed or coerced to implement national goals and programs.

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The case that clearly established the supremacy of the national government was

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What are the positive attributes of regional governments? How do these mega governments, in theory, contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of service and program provision?

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