Exam 6: Learning

Negative reinforcement is _____ the same as punishment.

The BEST method parents can use to get their children to do their chores is to _____.

You walk up to a soda machine and put in a dollar, and are rewarded with a bottle of root beer. When you put in another dollar, you get another soda. Assuming that the machine has a limitless supply of root beer, which kind of reinforcement schedule does this machine operate on?

Research suggests that media coverage of violent behavior _____.

Eli's grandma gives him a Tootsie roll every time she visits. When Eli sees his grandma arriving, his mouth begins to water. In this example, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is _____.

When you take aspirin to remove a headache, the removal of pain is_____.

A child learns that whenever he eats all his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert. This type of learning is BEST explained by _______________.

Negative punishment _____ and negative reinforcement _____ the likelihood the response will continue.

Biological preparedness suggests that we would be MOST likely to develop a classically conditioned aversion to _____.

Adding a stimulus that strengthens or increases a response is called _____.

Learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences is called _____.

A Skinner box is the name for the _____.

Feedback should _____ to increase the effectiveness of reinforcement.

Continuous reinforcement occurs when _____.

Chickens could not be taught to play baseball because they would chase the ball after it was batted, rather than run to first base. This was an example of _____ because it demonstrated that the chickens' innate pattern of running after food (the ball) took precedence over running toward a stationary object (first base).

Imagine that you want to teach your dog to "shake hands" with visitors. Design a program based on shaping to accomplish your goal.

Your dog is begging for food while you eat dinner. Your mother gives him a morsel from her plate, and he stops barking. In this situation, your dog has been _____, and your mother has been _____.

When a neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus to become a conditioned stimulus as well, this is called _____ conditioning.

In Pavlov's original classical conditioning experiments, the _____ was the neutral stimulus, the _____ was the stimulus that would elicit a reflex, and _____ was the reflexive response.

Taking away or removing a stimulus that strengthens or increases a response is called _____.