Exam 6: Learning

_____ is an exaggerated, irrational fear of an object or situation, which may sometimes be thought of as a(n) _____.

The chimpanzee in Kohler's insight experiment _____.

You aimlessly wander the mall nearly every weekend without buying anything. When a mother with a child asks you where the nearest toy store is, you know exactly where to direct her. This is an example of _____.

A stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest is called _____.

Contrast classical and operant conditioning with regard to which two events become associated and the type of response (i.e., voluntary vs. involuntary), illustrating your answer with an example of why someone in each learning condition would stop flying in airplanes. , Operant Conditioning

Describe the processes of generalization, discrimination, extinction, spontaneous recovery, and higher-order conditioning in classical conditioning. Use an example of each type of conditioning to illustrate your comparison.

A _____ schedule of reinforcement provides after an unpredictable number of behaviors (e.g., the number or amount of response/reinforcement varies).

A classically conditioned negative reaction to a particular taste that has been associated with nausea or other illness is known as _____.

Two-year-old Rumiko started whining at the grocery store. The best way for her parents to extinguish this behavior is to praise her _____ when she is NOT whining at the store and _____.

___________neurons are believed to be responsible for human empathy and imitation.

Bandura's observational learning studies focused on how ____.

Any stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning is a(n) _____.

Which of the following is NOT required for you to learn by observation?

A teacher who reinforces successive approximations of a behavior is engaged in _____.

Punishment can result in _____.

_____ is a biological constraint that occurs when an animal's conditioned responses shift back toward innate response patterns.

When a teacher uses a fixed interval schedule for quizzes (e.g., every Friday), this usually encourages students to _____.

Partial reinforcement occurs when _____.

This hidden learning exists without behavioral signs until there is some reason to demonstrate it.

The BEST motto for the timing of reinforcement or punishment is _____.