Exam 1: Themes and Theories

Amber wants to train her son,Timothy,to reach motor milestones (such as reaching for objects and crawling)earlier than other children.According to Myrtle McGraw's research,such training will only accelerate motor development when Timothy is showing signs of physical maturity.

________ is the theoretical orientation and discipline concerned with the evolutionary origins of behavior and its adaptive and survival value in animals,including humans.

According to Vygotsky,as children are exposed to the culture into which they are born

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory,the ________ is concerned with the interrelationships among the various settings of the microsystem.

During medieval and Renaissance times,children were never seen as vulnerable or fragile.

________ are plans and efforts established by local,regional,or national organizations and agencies designed to achieve a particular purpose with respect to the members of a society.

The five major themes in development help shape our questions and understanding about child development.Various theories provide different answers to these questions.Considering the five themes-nature & nurture,sociocultural influence,continuity/discontinuity,interaction among domains,and risk/resilience-which theories do you feel best address each?

Because learning theorists believe that behaviors are accumulative,both behavior analysts and social learning theorists view development as a ________ process.

Resilient children are those who are most greatly affected by the positive consequences of risk.

Yvonne,upon seeing a horse for the first time,says "doggie." According to Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory,Yvonne is exhibiting

How does the information-processing approach attempt to answer the question,"What develops?" What influence in our society has this theory had on how we view children and their development? What practical applications does this theory have?

Children grow up within a larger social community,the sociocultural context,which includes unique customs,values,and beliefs about the proper way to rear children and the ultimate goals for their development.

One of the basic questions that underlies many characterizations of the child is the extent to which nature or nurture is responsible for development.Consider the following figures in the history of developmental psychology and discuss their positions on the nature-nurture debate: John Locke,Jean Jacques Rousseau,Charles Darwin,and James Mark Baldwin.

Dr.Applegate believes that all behavior is the result of naturally selected actions that ensure the survival of the organism.The theoretical position closest to Dr.Applegate's belief is

In Erikson's psychosocial theory of development,the concept of ________ signifies the acceptance of oneself and the society in which one lives.

Why is the development theme of risk and resilience of special interest to developmental scientists involved in education,clinical issues,and other applied fields?

According to Piaget,a child proceeds to another stage of development when schemes

Erikson's psychosocial theory of development holds that ________ develops through eight stages of adaptive functioning to meet the demands framed by ________.

Which of the following learning theory camps is most likely to embrace an interaction among domains approach to development?

Individuals apply schemes as a means of interacting with the environment