Question 1

What kind of process is digestion?

Accepted Answer

A) anabolism 
B) catabolism 
C) inorganic 
D) non-energetic 
E) organismal 
A) anabolism 
B) catabolism 
C) inorganic 
D) non-energetic 
E) organismal B

Question 2

What is the study of how energy flows through living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) metabolism 
B) anabolism 
C) catabolism 
D) bioenergetics 
E) thermodynamics 
A) metabolism 
B) anabolism 
C) catabolism 
D) bioenergetics 
E) thermodynamics D

Question 3

The following questions are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the figure below.
  
-Which of the following represents the activation energy required for a noncatalyzed reaction in the figure above?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e C

Question 4

Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) a pentose sugar 
B) a DNA nucleotide 
C) an RNA nucleotide 
D) an amino acid with three phosphate groups attached 
E) a phospholipid 
A) a pentose sugar 
B) a DNA nucleotide 
C) an RNA nucleotide 
D) an amino acid with three phosphate groups attached 
E) a phospholipid

Question 5

If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate,the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to

Accepted Answer

A) add more of the enzyme. 
B) heat the solution to 90°C. 
C) add more substrate. 
D) add an allosteric inhibitor. 
E) add a noncompetitive inhibitor. 
A) add more of the enzyme. 
B) heat the solution to 90°C. 
C) add more substrate. 
D) add an allosteric inhibitor. 
E) add a noncompetitive inhibitor.

Question 6

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of metabolism for an organism?

Accepted Answer

A) all chemical reactions 
B) all chemical reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller molecules 
C) all chemical reactions that take small molecules and condense them into larger molecules 
D) all chemical reactions that lead to the production of ATP 
E) all chemical reactions that increase the potential energy of the organism 
A) all chemical reactions 
B) all chemical reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller molecules 
C) all chemical reactions that take small molecules and condense them into larger molecules 
D) all chemical reactions that lead to the production of ATP 
E) all chemical reactions that increase the potential energy of the organism

Question 7

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed. 
B) The entropy of the universe is decreasing. 
C) The entropy of the universe is constant. 
D) Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter. 
E) Energy cannot be transferred or transformed. 
A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed. 
B) The entropy of the universe is decreasing. 
C) The entropy of the universe is constant. 
D) Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter. 
E) Energy cannot be transferred or transformed.

Question 8

When ATP releases some energy,it also releases inorganic phosphate.What purpose does this serve (if any)in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) The phosphate is released as an excretory waste. 
B) The phosphate can only be used to regenerate more ATP. 
C) The phosphate can be added to water and excreted as a liquid. 
D) The phosphate may be incorporated into any molecule that contains phosphate. 
E) It enters the nucleus to affect gene expression. 
A) The phosphate is released as an excretory waste. 
B) The phosphate can only be used to regenerate more ATP. 
C) The phosphate can be added to water and excreted as a liquid. 
D) The phosphate may be incorporated into any molecule that contains phosphate. 
E) It enters the nucleus to affect gene expression.

Question 9

Zinc,an essential trace element for most organisms,is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase.The zinc most likely functions as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. 
B) noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme. 
C) allosteric activator of the enzyme. 
D) cofactor necessary for enzyme activity. 
E) coenzyme derived from a vitamin. 
A) competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. 
B) noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme. 
C) allosteric activator of the enzyme. 
D) cofactor necessary for enzyme activity. 
E) coenzyme derived from a vitamin.

Question 10

Which of the following is (are)true for anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) They do not depend on enzymes. 
B) They are usually highly spontaneous chemical reactions. 
C) They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers. 
D) They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers. 
E) They consume energy to decrease the entropy of the organism and its environment. 
A) They do not depend on enzymes. 
B) They are usually highly spontaneous chemical reactions. 
C) They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers. 
D) They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers. 
E) They consume energy to decrease the entropy of the organism and its environment.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) Metabolism depends on a constant supply of energy from food. 
B) Metabolism depends on an organism's adequate hydration. 
C) Metabolism uses all of an organism's resources. 
D) Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism. 
E) Metabolism manages the increase of entropy in an organism. 
A) Metabolism depends on a constant supply of energy from food. 
B) Metabolism depends on an organism's adequate hydration. 
C) Metabolism uses all of an organism's resources. 
D) Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism. 
E) Metabolism manages the increase of entropy in an organism.

Question 12

Some of the drugs used to treat HIV patients are competitive inhibitors of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme.Unfortunately,the high mutation rate of HIV means that the virus rapidly acquires mutations with amino acid changes that make it resistant to these competitive inhibitors.Where in the reverse transcriptase enzyme would such amino acid changes most likely occur in drug-resistant viruses?

Accepted Answer

A) in or near the active site 
B) at an allosteric site 
C) at a cofactor binding site 
D) in regions of the protein that determine packaging into the virus capsid 
E) Such mutations could occur anywhere with equal probability. 
A) in or near the active site 
B) at an allosteric site 
C) at a cofactor binding site 
D) in regions of the protein that determine packaging into the virus capsid 
E) Such mutations could occur anywhere with equal probability.

Question 13

Which of the following statements describes enzyme cooperativity?

Accepted Answer

A) A multienzyme complex contains all the enzymes of a metabolic pathway. 
B) A product of a pathway serves as a competitive inhibitor of an early enzyme in the pathway. 
C) A substrate molecule bound to an active site of one subunit promotes substrate binding to the active site of other subunits. 
D) Several substrate molecules can be catalyzed by the same enzyme. 
E) A substrate binds to an active site and inhibits cooperation between enzymes in a pathway. 
A) A multienzyme complex contains all the enzymes of a metabolic pathway. 
B) A product of a pathway serves as a competitive inhibitor of an early enzyme in the pathway. 
C) A substrate molecule bound to an active site of one subunit promotes substrate binding to the active site of other subunits. 
D) Several substrate molecules can be catalyzed by the same enzyme. 
E) A substrate binds to an active site and inhibits cooperation between enzymes in a pathway.

Question 14

Use the following figure to answer the question below.
   
Rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction as a function of varying reactant
concentration,with the concentration of enzyme constant.
-When is a reaction at chemical equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A) when the reactants are at the same concentration as the products 
B) when the forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate 
C) when there is no reactant remaining 
D) when there is no product remaining 
E) A reaction never reaches chemical equilibrium. 
A) when the reactants are at the same concentration as the products 
B) when the forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate 
C) when there is no reactant remaining 
D) when there is no product remaining 
E) A reaction never reaches chemical equilibrium.

Question 15

For living organisms,which of the following is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A) The energy content of an organism is constant. 
B) The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment. 
C) The entropy of an organism decreases with time as the organism grows in complexity. 
D) Organisms grow by converting energy into organic matter. 
E) Life does not obey the first law of thermodynamics. 
A) The energy content of an organism is constant. 
B) The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment. 
C) The entropy of an organism decreases with time as the organism grows in complexity. 
D) Organisms grow by converting energy into organic matter. 
E) Life does not obey the first law of thermodynamics.

Question 16

Which of the following is true when comparing an uncatalyzed reaction to the same reaction with a catalyst?

Accepted Answer

A) The catalyzed reaction will be slower. 
B) The catalyzed reaction will have a different ∆G. 
C) The catalyzed reaction will have higher activation energy. 
D) The catalyzed reaction will consume all of the catalyst. 
E) The catalyzed reaction will have a lower activation energy. 
A) The catalyzed reaction will be slower. 
B) The catalyzed reaction will have a different ∆G. 
C) The catalyzed reaction will have higher activation energy. 
D) The catalyzed reaction will consume all of the catalyst. 
E) The catalyzed reaction will have a lower activation energy.

Question 17

When chemical,transport,or mechanical work is done by an organism,what happens to the heat generated?

Accepted Answer

A) It is used to power yet more cellular work. 
B) It is used to store energy as more ATP. 
C) It is used to generate ADP from nucleotide precursors. 
D) It is lost to the environment. 
E) It is transported to specific organs such as the brain. 
A) It is used to power yet more cellular work. 
B) It is used to store energy as more ATP. 
C) It is used to generate ADP from nucleotide precursors. 
D) It is lost to the environment. 
E) It is transported to specific organs such as the brain.

Question 18

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-How do cells use the ATP cycle shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A) Cells use the cycle to recycle ADP and phosphate. 
B) Cells use the cycle to recycle energy released by ATP hydrolysis. 
C) Cells use the cycle to recycle ADP, phosphate, and the energy released by ATP hydrolysis. 
D) Cells use the cycle to generate or consume water molecules as needed. 
E) Cells use the cycle primarily to generate heat. 
A) Cells use the cycle to recycle ADP and phosphate. 
B) Cells use the cycle to recycle energy released by ATP hydrolysis. 
C) Cells use the cycle to recycle ADP, phosphate, and the energy released by ATP hydrolysis. 
D) Cells use the cycle to generate or consume water molecules as needed. 
E) Cells use the cycle primarily to generate heat.

Question 19

During a laboratory experiment,you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a ∆G of -20 kcal/mol.If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction,what will be the ∆G for the new reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) -40 kcal/mol 
B) -20 kcal/mol 
C) 0 kcal/mol 
D) +20 kcal/mol 
E) +40 kcal/mol 
A) -40 kcal/mol 
B) -20 kcal/mol 
C) 0 kcal/mol 
D) +20 kcal/mol 
E) +40 kcal/mol

Question 20

If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium,what will occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Additional product will be formed. 
B) Additional substrate will be formed. 
C) The reaction will change from endergonic to exergonic. 
D) The free energy of the system will change. 
E) Nothing; the reaction will stay at equilibrium. 
A) Additional product will be formed. 
B) Additional substrate will be formed. 
C) The reaction will change from endergonic to exergonic. 
D) The free energy of the system will change. 
E) Nothing; the reaction will stay at equilibrium.

Exam 8: An Introduction to Metabolism

What kind of process is digestion?

What is the study of how energy flows through living organisms?

The following questions are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the figure below. -Which of the following represents the activation energy required for a noncatalyzed reaction in the figure above?

Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP?

If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate,the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of metabolism for an organism?

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?

When ATP releases some energy,it also releases inorganic phosphate.What purpose does this serve (if any)in the cell?

Zinc,an essential trace element for most organisms,is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase.The zinc most likely functions as a(n)

Which of the following is (are)true for anabolic pathways?

Which of the following is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms?

Which of the following statements describes enzyme cooperativity?

Use the following figure to answer the question below. Rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction as a function of varying reactant concentration,with the concentration of enzyme constant. -When is a reaction at chemical equilibrium?

For living organisms,which of the following is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics?

Which of the following is true when comparing an uncatalyzed reaction to the same reaction with a catalyst?

When chemical,transport,or mechanical work is done by an organism,what happens to the heat generated?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -How do cells use the ATP cycle shown in the figure?

During a laboratory experiment,you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a ∆G of -20 kcal/mol.If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction,what will be the ∆G for the new reaction?

If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium,what will occur?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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