Question 1

Which of the following would you expect of a eukaryote lacking telomerase?

Accepted Answer

A) a high probability of somatic cells becoming cancerous 
B) production of Okazaki fragments 
C) inability to repair thymine dimers 
D) a reduction in chromosome length in gametes 
E) high sensitivity to sunlight 
A) a high probability of somatic cells becoming cancerous 
B) production of Okazaki fragments 
C) inability to repair thymine dimers 
D) a reduction in chromosome length in gametes 
E) high sensitivity to sunlight D

Question 2

In a nucleosome,the DNA is wrapped around

Accepted Answer

A) polymerase molecules. 
B) ribosomes. 
C) histones. 
D) a thymine dimer. 
E) satellite DNA. 
A) polymerase molecules. 
B) ribosomes. 
C) histones. 
D) a thymine dimer. 
E) satellite DNA. C

Question 3

Telomere shortening is a problem in which types of cells?

Accepted Answer

A) only prokaryotic cells 
B) only eukaryotic cells 
C) both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells 
D) non-dividing cells 
E) gametes 
A) only prokaryotic cells 
B) only eukaryotic cells 
C) both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells 
D) non-dividing cells 
E) gametes B

Question 4

The hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate in DNA replication is

Accepted Answer

A) endergonic. 
B) exergonic. 
C) isotonic. 
D) exothermic. 
E) a mutation. 
A) endergonic. 
B) exergonic. 
C) isotonic. 
D) exothermic. 
E) a mutation.

Question 5

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA,which of the following will be found?

Accepted Answer

A) A = C 
B) A = G and C = T 
C) A + C = G + T 
D) G + C = T + A 
A) A = C 
B) A = G and C = T 
C) A + C = G + T 
D) G + C = T + A

Question 6

Researchers found E.coli that had mutation rates one hundred times higher than normal.Which of the following is the most likely cause of these results?

Accepted Answer

A) The single-stranded binding proteins were malfunctioning. 
B) There were one or more mismatches in the RNA primer. 
C) The proofreading mechanism of DNA polymerase was not working properly. 
D) The DNA polymerase was unable to add bases to the 3' end of the growing nucleic acid chain. 
E) The telomerase activity was low. 
A) The single-stranded binding proteins were malfunctioning. 
B) There were one or more mismatches in the RNA primer. 
C) The proofreading mechanism of DNA polymerase was not working properly. 
D) The DNA polymerase was unable to add bases to the 3' end of the growing nucleic acid chain. 
E) The telomerase activity was low.

Question 7

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
The green algae Chlamydomonas is said to be GC rich.
-The GC content of Chlamydomonas is approximately 70% in the coding sequences.What percentage of DNA is made up of adenine bases?

Accepted Answer

A) 15% 
B) 30% 
C) 35% 
D) 70% 
E) Can't determine 
A) 15% 
B) 30% 
C) 35% 
D) 70% 
E) Can't determine

Question 8

By what process is DNA is synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A) semiconservative replication 
B) conservative replication 
C) translation 
D) transcription 
E) translocation 
A) semiconservative replication 
B) conservative replication 
C) translation 
D) transcription 
E) translocation

Question 9

Chargaff's rule states

Accepted Answer

A) A & C bases are equal in a DNA strand. 
B) A & T bases are equal in a DNA strand. 
C) the composition of bases is basically the same between species. 
D) the composition of bases varies in species and C & G bases are equal within a strand. 
E) the composition of bases varies in species and C & A bases are equal within a strand. 
A) A & C bases are equal in a DNA strand. 
B) A & T bases are equal in a DNA strand. 
C) the composition of bases is basically the same between species. 
D) the composition of bases varies in species and C & G bases are equal within a strand. 
E) the composition of bases varies in species and C & A bases are equal within a strand.

Question 10

The enzyme telomerase solves the problem of replication at the ends of linear chromosomes by which method?

Accepted Answer

A) adding a single 5' cap structure that resists degradation by nucleases 
B) causing specific double-strand DNA breaks that result in blunt ends on both strands 
C) causing linear ends of the newly replicated DNA to circularize 
D) adding numerous short DNA sequences such as TTAGGG 
E) adding numerous GC pairs that resist hydrolysis and maintain chromosome integrity 
A) adding a single 5' cap structure that resists degradation by nucleases 
B) causing specific double-strand DNA breaks that result in blunt ends on both strands 
C) causing linear ends of the newly replicated DNA to circularize 
D) adding numerous short DNA sequences such as TTAGGG 
E) adding numerous GC pairs that resist hydrolysis and maintain chromosome integrity

Question 11

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-In the late 1950s,Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in a medium containing "heavy" nitrogen (¹⁵N)and then transferred them to a medium containing ¹⁴N.Which of the results in the figure above would be expected after one round of DNA replication in the presence of ¹⁴N?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 12

Which of the enzymes unwinds the DNA strands during replication?

Accepted Answer

A) helicase 
B) topoisomerase 
C) DNA ligase 
D) single-stranded binding protein 
E) primase 
A) helicase 
B) topoisomerase 
C) DNA ligase 
D) single-stranded binding protein 
E) primase

Question 13

The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine in DNA results in hypoxanthine,an uncommon base,opposite thymine.What combination of proteins could repair such damage?

Accepted Answer

A) nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase 
B) telomerase, primase, DNA polymerase 
C) telomerase, helicase, single-strand binding protein 
D) DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, adenylyl cyclase 
E) nuclease, telomerase, primase 
A) nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase 
B) telomerase, primase, DNA polymerase 
C) telomerase, helicase, single-strand binding protein 
D) DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, adenylyl cyclase 
E) nuclease, telomerase, primase

Question 14

The difference between ATP and the nucleoside triphosphates used during DNA synthesis is that

Accepted Answer

A) the nucleoside triphosphates have the sugar deoxyribose; ATP has the sugar ribose. 
B) the nucleoside triphosphates have two phosphate groups; ATP has three phosphate groups. 
C) ATP contains three high-energy bonds; the nucleoside triphosphates have two. 
D) ATP is found only in human cells; the nucleoside triphosphates are found in all animal and plant cells. 
E) triphosphate monomers are active in the nucleoside triphosphates, but not in ATP. 
A) the nucleoside triphosphates have the sugar deoxyribose; ATP has the sugar ribose. 
B) the nucleoside triphosphates have two phosphate groups; ATP has three phosphate groups. 
C) ATP contains three high-energy bonds; the nucleoside triphosphates have two. 
D) ATP is found only in human cells; the nucleoside triphosphates are found in all animal and plant cells. 
E) triphosphate monomers are active in the nucleoside triphosphates, but not in ATP.

Question 15

What is the template for semiconservative replication?

Accepted Answer

A) single-stranded binding proteins 
B) DNA polymerase 
C) one strand of the DNA molecule 
D) an RNA molecule 
E) Okazaki fragments 
A) single-stranded binding proteins 
B) DNA polymerase 
C) one strand of the DNA molecule 
D) an RNA molecule 
E) Okazaki fragments

Question 16

Which of the following statements describes chromatin?

Accepted Answer

A) Heterochromatin is composed of DNA, whereas euchromatin is made of DNA and RNA. 
B) Both heterochromatin and euchromatin are found in the cytoplasm. 
C) Heterochromatin is highly condensed, whereas euchromatin is less compact. 
D) Euchromatin is not transcribed, whereas heterochromatin is transcribed. 
E) Only euchromatin is visible under the light microscope. 
A) Heterochromatin is composed of DNA, whereas euchromatin is made of DNA and RNA. 
B) Both heterochromatin and euchromatin are found in the cytoplasm. 
C) Heterochromatin is highly condensed, whereas euchromatin is less compact. 
D) Euchromatin is not transcribed, whereas heterochromatin is transcribed. 
E) Only euchromatin is visible under the light microscope.

Question 17

The images above are of DNA at various levels of coiling and folding.Use this image to answer the questions below.
-Which image shows scaffolding?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 18

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-A space probe returns with a culture of a microorganism found on a distant planet.Analysis shows that it is a carbon-based life form that has DNA.You grow the cells in ¹⁵N medium for several generations and then transfer them to ¹⁴N medium.Which pattern in the figure above would you expect if the DNA was replicated in a conservative manner?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 19

What provides the energy for the polymerization reactions in DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) DNA polymerase 
C) breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA strands 
D) the deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate substrates 
E) the making of hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA strands 
A) ATP 
B) DNA polymerase 
C) breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA strands 
D) the deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate substrates 
E) the making of hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA strands

Question 20

The DNA of telomeres has been found to be highly conserved throughout the evolution of eukaryotes.What does this most probably reflect?

Accepted Answer

A) the inactivity of this DNA 
B) the low frequency of mutations occurring in this DNA 
C) that new evolution of telomeres continues 
D) that mutations in telomeres are relatively advantageous 
E) that the critical function of telomeres must be maintained 
A) the inactivity of this DNA 
B) the low frequency of mutations occurring in this DNA 
C) that new evolution of telomeres continues 
D) that mutations in telomeres are relatively advantageous 
E) that the critical function of telomeres must be maintained

Exam 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Which of the following would you expect of a eukaryote lacking telomerase?

In a nucleosome,the DNA is wrapped around

Telomere shortening is a problem in which types of cells?

The hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate in DNA replication is

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA,which of the following will be found?

Researchers found E.coli that had mutation rates one hundred times higher than normal.Which of the following is the most likely cause of these results?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. The green algae Chlamydomonas is said to be GC rich. -The GC content of Chlamydomonas is approximately 70% in the coding sequences.What percentage of DNA is made up of adenine bases?

By what process is DNA is synthesized?

Chargaff's rule states

The enzyme telomerase solves the problem of replication at the ends of linear chromosomes by which method?

Which of the enzymes unwinds the DNA strands during replication?

The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine in DNA results in hypoxanthine,an uncommon base,opposite thymine.What combination of proteins could repair such damage?

The difference between ATP and the nucleoside triphosphates used during DNA synthesis is that

What is the template for semiconservative replication?

Which of the following statements describes chromatin?

The images above are of DNA at various levels of coiling and folding.Use this image to answer the questions below. -Which image shows scaffolding?

What provides the energy for the polymerization reactions in DNA synthesis?

The DNA of telomeres has been found to be highly conserved throughout the evolution of eukaryotes.What does this most probably reflect?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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