Question 1

An increased concentration of nitric oxide within a vascular bed is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) vasoconstriction. 
B) vasodilation. 
C) narrowing of the arteries. 
D) a reduction in blood flow in that region. 
E) a decreased amount of blood in the capillaries of that vascular bed. 
A) vasoconstriction. 
B) vasodilation. 
C) narrowing of the arteries. 
D) a reduction in blood flow in that region. 
E) a decreased amount of blood in the capillaries of that vascular bed. B

Question 2

Among the following choices,which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) mouse 
B) rabbit 
C) human 
D) hippopotamus 
E) giraffe 
A) mouse 
B) rabbit 
C) human 
D) hippopotamus 
E) giraffe E

Question 3

What would be the consequences if we were to reverse the direction of water flow over the gills of a fish,moving water inward past the operculum,past the gills,the out the mouth?

Accepted Answer

A) Reversal of water flow would reduce efficiency of gas exchange. 
B) Reversal of water flow would change the exchange of gases in the body from carbon dioxide out and oxygen in to carbon dioxide in and oxygen out. 
C) Reversal of water flow would increase the efficiency of gas exchange. 
D) Reversal of water flow would eliminate diffusion of gases. 
E) Reversal of water flow would increase the pressure on the capillaries in the gills. 
A) Reversal of water flow would reduce efficiency of gas exchange. 
B) Reversal of water flow would change the exchange of gases in the body from carbon dioxide out and oxygen in to carbon dioxide in and oxygen out. 
C) Reversal of water flow would increase the efficiency of gas exchange. 
D) Reversal of water flow would eliminate diffusion of gases. 
E) Reversal of water flow would increase the pressure on the capillaries in the gills. A

Question 4

In an animal species known for endurance running rather than fast sprinting,you would expect to find

Accepted Answer

A) a slower rate of oxygen consumption so that its breathing will not have to be accelerated. 
B) an increase of storage of oxygen in myoglobin of its muscles. 
C) a relatively slow heart rate in order to lower oxygen consumption. 
D) a lower pressure of oxygen in the alveoli. 
E) a much higher rate of oxygen consumption for its size. 
A) a slower rate of oxygen consumption so that its breathing will not have to be accelerated. 
B) an increase of storage of oxygen in myoglobin of its muscles. 
C) a relatively slow heart rate in order to lower oxygen consumption. 
D) a lower pressure of oxygen in the alveoli. 
E) a much higher rate of oxygen consumption for its size.

Question 5

In mammals,most gas exchange between the atmosphere and the pulmonary blood occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A) trachea. 
B) larynx. 
C) bronchi. 
D) bronchioles. 
E) alveoli. 
A) trachea. 
B) larynx. 
C) bronchi. 
D) bronchioles. 
E) alveoli.

Question 6

Under identical atmospheric conditions,which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Freshwater has more oxygen than seawater 
B) Freshwater has less oxygen than seawater 
C) Freshwater can hold 10-40 times more carbon dioxide than air 
D) Freshwater can hold 10-40 times more oxygen than air 
E) Freshwater has higher density but lower viscosity than air. 
A) Freshwater has more oxygen than seawater 
B) Freshwater has less oxygen than seawater 
C) Freshwater can hold 10-40 times more carbon dioxide than air 
D) Freshwater can hold 10-40 times more oxygen than air 
E) Freshwater has higher density but lower viscosity than air.

Question 7

Dissolved proteins in human plasma include which of the following?
I.fibrinogen
II.hemoglobin
III.immunoglobulin

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and III only 
D) II and III only 
E) I, II, and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and III only 
D) II and III only 
E) I, II, and III

Question 8

The set of blood vessels with the slowest velocity of blood flow is

Accepted Answer

A) the arteries. 
B) the arterioles. 
C) the metarterioles. 
D) the capillaries. 
E) the veins. 
A) the arteries. 
B) the arterioles. 
C) the metarterioles. 
D) the capillaries. 
E) the veins.

Question 9

A species that has a normal resting systolic blood pressure of >260 mm Hg is likely to be

Accepted Answer

A) an animal that is small and compact, without the need to pump blood very far from the heart. 
B) an animal with abundant lipid storage. 
C) a species that has very wide diameter veins. 
D) an animal that has a very long distance between its heart and its brain. 
E) an animal that makes frequent, quick motions. 
A) an animal that is small and compact, without the need to pump blood very far from the heart. 
B) an animal with abundant lipid storage. 
C) a species that has very wide diameter veins. 
D) an animal that has a very long distance between its heart and its brain. 
E) an animal that makes frequent, quick motions.

Question 10

Gas exchange is more difficult for aquatic animals with gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs because

Accepted Answer

A) water is less dense than air. 
B) water contains much less O₂ than air per unit volume. 
C) gills have less surface area than lungs. 
D) gills allow only unidirectional transport. 
E) gills allow water to flow in one direction. 
A) water is less dense than air. 
B) water contains much less O₂ than air per unit volume. 
C) gills have less surface area than lungs. 
D) gills allow only unidirectional transport. 
E) gills allow water to flow in one direction.

Question 11

After several weeks of exercise,a human athlete's resting heart rate is typically lower than before because

Accepted Answer

A) the body needs less oxygen than before. 
B) the body temperature has increased. 
C) the stroke volume has increased. 
D) the cardiac output has decreased. 
E) the body produces less carbon dioxide than before. 
A) the body needs less oxygen than before. 
B) the body temperature has increased. 
C) the stroke volume has increased. 
D) the cardiac output has decreased. 
E) the body produces less carbon dioxide than before.

Question 12

The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the

Accepted Answer

A) amphibians. 
B) birds. 
C) fishes. 
D) mammals. 
E) reptiles. 
A) amphibians. 
B) birds. 
C) fishes. 
D) mammals. 
E) reptiles.

Question 13

An elderly patient has reduced mobility in his lower extremities.It has been observed that there are dark areas under the skin where blood has pooled.This pooling is most likely caused by

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in muscle contraction in the arterioles. 
B) a decrease in the surface area of the capillaries. 
C) an increase in peripheral resistance. 
D) a reduction in blood flow through the veins. 
E) an increase in production of endothelin in blood vessels. 
A) a decrease in muscle contraction in the arterioles. 
B) a decrease in the surface area of the capillaries. 
C) an increase in peripheral resistance. 
D) a reduction in blood flow through the veins. 
E) an increase in production of endothelin in blood vessels.

Question 14

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is

Accepted Answer

A) the number of heart chambers. 
B) the type of gas exchange tissues. 
C) a complete separation of circuits for circulation. 
D) the number of circuits for circulation. 
E) a low blood pressure in the systemic circuit. 
A) the number of heart chambers. 
B) the type of gas exchange tissues. 
C) a complete separation of circuits for circulation. 
D) the number of circuits for circulation. 
E) a low blood pressure in the systemic circuit.

Question 15

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize

Accepted Answer

A) endocytosis. 
B) blood pressure. 
C) diffusion. 
D) active transport. 
E) osmosis. 
A) endocytosis. 
B) blood pressure. 
C) diffusion. 
D) active transport. 
E) osmosis.

Question 16

Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out,resulting in the

Accepted Answer

A) loss of osmotic pressure in the capillaries. 
B) development of an osmotic pressure difference across capillary walls. 
C) loss of fluid from capillaries. 
D) increased diffusion of CO₂. 
E) increased diffusion of Hb. 
A) loss of osmotic pressure in the capillaries. 
B) development of an osmotic pressure difference across capillary walls. 
C) loss of fluid from capillaries. 
D) increased diffusion of CO₂. 
E) increased diffusion of Hb.

Question 17

A person with a tidal volume of 450 mL,a vital capacity of 4000 mL,and a residual volume of 1000 mL would have a potential total lung capacity of

Accepted Answer

A) 1450 mL. 
B) 4000 mL. 
C) 4450 mL. 
D) 5000 mL. 
E) 5450 mL. 
A) 1450 mL. 
B) 4000 mL. 
C) 4450 mL. 
D) 5000 mL. 
E) 5450 mL.

Question 18

The fluid that moves around in the circulatory system of a typical arthropod is

Accepted Answer

A) the digestive juices. 
B) the intracellular fluid. 
C) the blood plasma. 
D) the cytosol. 
E) the interstitial fluid. 
A) the digestive juices. 
B) the intracellular fluid. 
C) the blood plasma. 
D) the cytosol. 
E) the interstitial fluid.

Question 19

During a prolonged dive,mammals such as the Weddell seal do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) derive ATP from fermentation. 
B) route blood to major organs. 
C) decrease O₂ consumption rate. 
D) increase blood supply to muscles. 
E) decrease heart rate. 
A) derive ATP from fermentation. 
B) route blood to major organs. 
C) decrease O₂ consumption rate. 
D) increase blood supply to muscles. 
E) decrease heart rate.

Question 20

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
At a crime scene,an analyst finds a large pool of blood.After centrifugation,it was determined that the blood belonged to a hemophiliac suffering from an acute infection.
-Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply?

Accepted Answer

A) the lungs of a vertebrate 
B) the gills of a fish 
C) the tracheal system of an insect 
D) the skin of an earthworm 
E) the parapodia of a polychaete worm 
A) the lungs of a vertebrate 
B) the gills of a fish 
C) the tracheal system of an insect 
D) the skin of an earthworm 
E) the parapodia of a polychaete worm

Exam 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

An increased concentration of nitric oxide within a vascular bed is associated with

Among the following choices,which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?

What would be the consequences if we were to reverse the direction of water flow over the gills of a fish,moving water inward past the operculum,past the gills,the out the mouth?

In an animal species known for endurance running rather than fast sprinting,you would expect to find

In mammals,most gas exchange between the atmosphere and the pulmonary blood occurs in the

Under identical atmospheric conditions,which of the following is true?

Dissolved proteins in human plasma include which of the following? I.fibrinogen II.hemoglobin III.immunoglobulin

The set of blood vessels with the slowest velocity of blood flow is

A species that has a normal resting systolic blood pressure of >260 mm Hg is likely to be

Gas exchange is more difficult for aquatic animals with gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs because

After several weeks of exercise,a human athlete's resting heart rate is typically lower than before because

The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the

An elderly patient has reduced mobility in his lower extremities.It has been observed that there are dark areas under the skin where blood has pooled.This pooling is most likely caused by

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize

Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out,resulting in the

A person with a tidal volume of 450 mL,a vital capacity of 4000 mL,and a residual volume of 1000 mL would have a potential total lung capacity of

The fluid that moves around in the circulatory system of a typical arthropod is

During a prolonged dive,mammals such as the Weddell seal do all of the following except

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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