Question 1

The absorptive epithelia in the gut are considered "polarized" because

Accepted Answer

A) thick and thin filaments are present. 
B) they pump wastes into the lumen while pumping nutrients toward the blood. 
C) the colours seen on the top and bottom of the cells are different. 
D) they must fire action potentials to absorb most nutrients. 
E) the structures on the apical surface are different than those on the basal surface. 
A) thick and thin filaments are present. 
B) they pump wastes into the lumen while pumping nutrients toward the blood. 
C) the colours seen on the top and bottom of the cells are different. 
D) they must fire action potentials to absorb most nutrients. 
E) the structures on the apical surface are different than those on the basal surface. E

Question 2

A moth preparing for flight on a cold morning warms its flight muscles via

Accepted Answer

A) acclimatization. 
B) torpor. 
C) evaporative cooling. 
D) nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E) shivering thermogenesis. 
A) acclimatization. 
B) torpor. 
C) evaporative cooling. 
D) nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E) shivering thermogenesis. E

Question 3

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

Accepted Answer

A) positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental. 
B) the positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. 
C) the effector's response increases some parameter (such as body temperature), whereas in negative feedback it can only decrease the parameter. 
D) positive feedback systems have only effectors, whereas negative feedback systems have only receptors. 
E) positive feedback systems have control centres that are lacking in negative feedback systems. 
A) positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental. 
B) the positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. 
C) the effector's response increases some parameter (such as body temperature), whereas in negative feedback it can only decrease the parameter. 
D) positive feedback systems have only effectors, whereas negative feedback systems have only receptors. 
E) positive feedback systems have control centres that are lacking in negative feedback systems. B

Question 4

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Accepted Answer

A) feathers or fur 
B) vasoconstriction 
C) wind blowing across the body surface 
D) countercurrent heat exchanger 
E) blubber or fat layer 
A) feathers or fur 
B) vasoconstriction 
C) wind blowing across the body surface 
D) countercurrent heat exchanger 
E) blubber or fat layer

Question 5

Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by

Accepted Answer

A) acclimatization. 
B) torpor. 
C) evaporation. 
D) nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E) shivering thermogenesis. 
A) acclimatization. 
B) torpor. 
C) evaporation. 
D) nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E) shivering thermogenesis.

Question 6

As body size increases in animals

Accepted Answer

A) there is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio. 
B) reproduction becomes limited to terrestrial environments. 
C) there is greater variability in metabolic rate. 
D) migration to tropical areas becomes necessary for thermoregulation. 
E) it becomes more difficult to conserve body warmth in cold environments. 
A) there is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio. 
B) reproduction becomes limited to terrestrial environments. 
C) there is greater variability in metabolic rate. 
D) migration to tropical areas becomes necessary for thermoregulation. 
E) it becomes more difficult to conserve body warmth in cold environments.

Question 7

An example of an organism that has only behavioural controls over its body temperature is the

Accepted Answer

A) green frog. 
B) penguin. 
C) bluefin tuna. 
D) house sparrow. 
E) gray wolf. 
A) green frog. 
B) penguin. 
C) bluefin tuna. 
D) house sparrow. 
E) gray wolf.

Question 8

The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs,other than the heart,is

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscle. 
B) cardiac muscle. 
C) striated muscle. 
D) intercalated cells. 
E) smooth muscle. 
A) skeletal muscle. 
B) cardiac muscle. 
C) striated muscle. 
D) intercalated cells. 
E) smooth muscle.

Question 9

Hummingbirds are small birds that require a regular food supply.When hummingbirds are faced with a situation that decreases their food supply,such as a storm,which of the following adaptations would be most useful for the bird to survive such an unpredictable and short-term absence of food resources?

Accepted Answer

A) shivering 
B) torpor 
C) hibernation 
D) burrowing into soil 
E) fluffing their feathers 
A) shivering 
B) torpor 
C) hibernation 
D) burrowing into soil 
E) fluffing their feathers

Question 10

An example of a connective tissue is the

Accepted Answer

A) skin. 
B) nerves. 
C) blood. 
D) cuboidal epithelium. 
E) smooth muscles. 
A) skin. 
B) nerves. 
C) blood. 
D) cuboidal epithelium. 
E) smooth muscles.

Question 11

The nourishment,insulation,and support for neurons is the result of activity by the

Accepted Answer

A) smooth muscles. 
B) adipose tissue. 
C) endocrine system. 
D) intercalated disks. 
E) glial cells. 
A) smooth muscles. 
B) adipose tissue. 
C) endocrine system. 
D) intercalated disks. 
E) glial cells.

Question 12

If an organism was discovered that had no epithelial tissues,it would require adaptations to maintain homeostasis in which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

A) skeleton for structure 
B) nervous system for sensing external stimuli 
C) adaptation to prevent water loss from the body in a terrestrial environment 
D) muscular system for movement 
E) adaptation to bind tissues and hold organs in place 
A) skeleton for structure 
B) nervous system for sensing external stimuli 
C) adaptation to prevent water loss from the body in a terrestrial environment 
D) muscular system for movement 
E) adaptation to bind tissues and hold organs in place

Question 13

All animals,whether large or small,have

Accepted Answer

A) an external body surface that is dry. 
B) a basic body plan that resembles a two-layered sac. 
C) a body surface covered with hair to keep them warm. 
D) the ability to enter dormancy when resources become scarce. 
E) each living cell in contact with an aqueous medium. 
A) an external body surface that is dry. 
B) a basic body plan that resembles a two-layered sac. 
C) a body surface covered with hair to keep them warm. 
D) the ability to enter dormancy when resources become scarce. 
E) each living cell in contact with an aqueous medium.

Question 14

-Imagine that you are a biologist who is attempting to get an accurate measure of an animal's basal metabolic rate.The best time to measure the metabolic rate is when the animal

Accepted Answer

A) is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day. 
B) is resting and has just completed its first meal of the day. 
C) has recently eaten a sugar-free meal. 
D) has not consumed any water for at least 48 hours. 
E) has just completed 30 minutes of vigorous exercise. 
A) is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day. 
B) is resting and has just completed its first meal of the day. 
C) has recently eaten a sugar-free meal. 
D) has not consumed any water for at least 48 hours. 
E) has just completed 30 minutes of vigorous exercise.

Question 15

Tissues are composed of cells,and tissues functioning together make up

Accepted Answer

A) organs. 
B) membranes. 
C) organ systems. 
D) organelles. 
E) organisms. 
A) organs. 
B) membranes. 
C) organ systems. 
D) organelles. 
E) organisms.

Question 16

The specialized function shared by the cells that line the lungs and those that line the lumen of the gut is that both types of cells

Accepted Answer

A) receive their oxygen directly from inhaled air and ingested foods. 
B) provide abundant exchange surface. 
C) have exceptionally high numbers of cellular organelles in the cytoplasm. 
D) offer greater protection due to increased membrane thickness. 
E) have a lowered basal metabolic rate due to cooperative exchange between cells. 
A) receive their oxygen directly from inhaled air and ingested foods. 
B) provide abundant exchange surface. 
C) have exceptionally high numbers of cellular organelles in the cytoplasm. 
D) offer greater protection due to increased membrane thickness. 
E) have a lowered basal metabolic rate due to cooperative exchange between cells.

Question 17

If thermoregulation is considered to be a secondary function of the large ears of jackrabbits,then the primary function of the ears is

Accepted Answer

A) to optimize nutrient intake through the thin, permeable surfaces on the ears. 
B) to alter the rate of gas exchange, based on the adjustable radius of the ears' blood vessels. 
C) to detect predators by using the large size and flexible positioning of the external ears to channel sound waves into the ear canal. 
D) to protect offspring from bright sunlight by the positioning the ears to cast maximum shadows. 
E) to protect against pathogens by having a thick, waxy surface on the ears. 
A) to optimize nutrient intake through the thin, permeable surfaces on the ears. 
B) to alter the rate of gas exchange, based on the adjustable radius of the ears' blood vessels. 
C) to detect predators by using the large size and flexible positioning of the external ears to channel sound waves into the ear canal. 
D) to protect offspring from bright sunlight by the positioning the ears to cast maximum shadows. 
E) to protect against pathogens by having a thick, waxy surface on the ears.

Question 18

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands.Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

Accepted Answer

A) Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds. 
B) Flatten the cube into a pancake shape. 
C) Round the clay up into a sphere. 
D) Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape. 
E) Mould the clay into a pyramid. 
A) Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds. 
B) Flatten the cube into a pancake shape. 
C) Round the clay up into a sphere. 
D) Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape. 
E) Mould the clay into a pyramid.

Question 19

In a multicellular animal,the circulatory system exchanges materials with the external environment using specialized exchange surfaces.Which of the following is not an example of such an exchange surface?

Accepted Answer

A) lung 
B) muscle 
C) skin 
D) intestine 
E) kidney 
A) lung 
B) muscle 
C) skin 
D) intestine 
E) kidney

Question 20

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
It is wintertime and your pet lizard has somehow escaped into the backyard.After much searching,you find him basking on a rock in the sun trying to keep warm.
-Which of the following processes is the lizard utilizing to reduce heat loss to the environment?
I.conduction
II.evaporation
III.radiation

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and II 
D) I and III 
E) II and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and II 
D) I and III 
E) II and III

Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

The absorptive epithelia in the gut are considered "polarized" because

A moth preparing for flight on a cold morning warms its flight muscles via

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by

As body size increases in animals

An example of an organism that has only behavioural controls over its body temperature is the

The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs,other than the heart,is

An example of a connective tissue is the

The nourishment,insulation,and support for neurons is the result of activity by the

If an organism was discovered that had no epithelial tissues,it would require adaptations to maintain homeostasis in which of the following areas?

All animals,whether large or small,have

-Imagine that you are a biologist who is attempting to get an accurate measure of an animal's basal metabolic rate.The best time to measure the metabolic rate is when the animal

Tissues are composed of cells,and tissues functioning together make up

The specialized function shared by the cells that line the lungs and those that line the lumen of the gut is that both types of cells

If thermoregulation is considered to be a secondary function of the large ears of jackrabbits,then the primary function of the ears is

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands.Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

In a multicellular animal,the circulatory system exchanges materials with the external environment using specialized exchange surfaces.Which of the following is not an example of such an exchange surface?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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