Question 1

What is the function of tRNA molecules during translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  They unzip double-stranded mRNA. 
B)  They serve as the starting point for RNA polymerase. 
C)  They carry amino acids to the ribosome. 
D)  They encode the instructions for protein synthesis. 
A)  They unzip double-stranded mRNA. 
B)  They serve as the starting point for RNA polymerase. 
C)  They carry amino acids to the ribosome. 
D)  They encode the instructions for protein synthesis. C

Question 2

What sequence of mRNA is made from the gene TTACAGGTCC?

Accepted Answer

A)  UUACAGGUCC 
B)  AATGTCCAGG 
C)  AAUGUCCAGG 
D)  GGAGTGGACC 
A)  UUACAGGUCC 
B)  AATGTCCAGG 
C)  AAUGUCCAGG 
D)  GGAGTGGACC C

Question 3

What nitrogenous bases are found in a molecule of RNA (ribonucleic acid)?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine, guanine, thymine, and uracil 
B)  uracil, adenine, guanine, and adenosine 
C)  thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine 
D)  adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil 
A)  adenine, guanine, thymine, and uracil 
B)  uracil, adenine, guanine, and adenosine 
C)  thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine 
D)  adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil D

Question 4

Imagine that a mutation in a DNA molecule results in the codon CCU being changed to CCC. Both of these codons code for proline. What characteristic accounts for the fact that more than one codon can code for the same amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ambiguity of the genetic code 
B)  the redundancy of the genetic code 
C)  the universality of the genetic code 
D)  mutations in the genetic code 
A)  the ambiguity of the genetic code 
B)  the redundancy of the genetic code 
C)  the universality of the genetic code 
D)  mutations in the genetic code

Question 5

-According to the figure, what difference is shown between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of a nitrogen-containing base 
B)  the presence of a phosphate group 
C)  the type of sugar present 
D)  the presence of guanine 
A)  the presence of a nitrogen-containing base 
B)  the presence of a phosphate group 
C)  the type of sugar present 
D)  the presence of guanine

Question 6

What process resulted in a dramatic increase in milk production in modern dairy cows?

Accepted Answer

A)  the insertion of beta carotene in the cow genome 
B)  the use of recombinant bovine growth hormone 
C)  frameshift mutations in the DNA of the cows 
D)  the use of gene guns to insert new genes into the cow mammary tissues 
A)  the insertion of beta carotene in the cow genome 
B)  the use of recombinant bovine growth hormone 
C)  frameshift mutations in the DNA of the cows 
D)  the use of gene guns to insert new genes into the cow mammary tissues

Question 7

In genetics, what are palindromes?

Accepted Answer

A)  the types of DNA sequences that are cut out by restriction enzymes 
B)  the A-T complementary bases of DNA 
C)  the C-G complementary bases of DNA 
D)  the A-U base pairing between DNA and mRNA 
A)  the types of DNA sequences that are cut out by restriction enzymes 
B)  the A-T complementary bases of DNA 
C)  the C-G complementary bases of DNA 
D)  the A-U base pairing between DNA and mRNA

Question 8

What situation results from a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  One or two nucleotides are added or deleted in a DNA strand. 
B)  Amino acids are assembled into normal, functional proteins. 
C)  The DNA is always modified in such a way that protein synthesis is prevented. 
D)  An amino acid is substituted with a similar one that has no effect on protein synthesis. 
A)  One or two nucleotides are added or deleted in a DNA strand. 
B)  Amino acids are assembled into normal, functional proteins. 
C)  The DNA is always modified in such a way that protein synthesis is prevented. 
D)  An amino acid is substituted with a similar one that has no effect on protein synthesis.

Question 9

Why are the sterile transgenic salmon of concern for local streams?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transgenic salmon may introduce resistant bacteria to the ecosystem. 
B)  Transgenic salmon may cause eutrophication of the local streams. 
C)  Transgenic salmon may spread cancer-causing genes in the fish population. 
D)  Transgenic salmon may still reproduce with wild species and disrupt the food web. 
A)  Transgenic salmon may introduce resistant bacteria to the ecosystem. 
B)  Transgenic salmon may cause eutrophication of the local streams. 
C)  Transgenic salmon may spread cancer-causing genes in the fish population. 
D)  Transgenic salmon may still reproduce with wild species and disrupt the food web.

Question 10

How are proteins changed to become recombinant proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  from chemicals in the lab 
B)  by genetically modified bacteria 
C)  more potent or more highly concentrated before their use 
D)  directly from deoxyribonucleic acids, thus bypassing transcription and translation 
A)  from chemicals in the lab 
B)  by genetically modified bacteria 
C)  more potent or more highly concentrated before their use 
D)  directly from deoxyribonucleic acids, thus bypassing transcription and translation

Question 11

Which molecule serves as the template during translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  polymerase 
A)  DNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  polymerase

Question 12

What are the undifferentiated cells that can be used in therapeutic cloning?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmid cells 
B)  stem cells 
C)  somatic cells 
D)  transgenic cells 
A)  plasmid cells 
B)  stem cells 
C)  somatic cells 
D)  transgenic cells

Question 13

To what does RNA polymerase bind to begin the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter 
B)  structural gene 
C)  codon 
D)  anticodon 
A)  promoter 
B)  structural gene 
C)  codon 
D)  anticodon

Question 14

Which structure could be incorporated into a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  alanine 
B)  ribonucleic acid 
C)  thymine 
D)  uracil 
A)  alanine 
B)  ribonucleic acid 
C)  thymine 
D)  uracil

Question 15

How does RNA differ from DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA is contained in the nucleus. 
B)  RNA doesn't contain a sugar. 
C)  RNA is single-stranded. 
D)  RNA takes part in transcription. 
A)  RNA is contained in the nucleus. 
B)  RNA doesn't contain a sugar. 
C)  RNA is single-stranded. 
D)  RNA takes part in transcription.

Question 16

Which structure is found in the nucleotides of DNA but not in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sugar 
B)  a phosphate group 
C)  deoxyribose 
D)  a nitrogen-containing base 
A)  a sugar 
B)  a phosphate group 
C)  deoxyribose 
D)  a nitrogen-containing base

Question 17

What process is used to clone animals like the famous sheep "Dolly"?

Accepted Answer

A)  gene therapy 
B)  using a gene gun 
C)  stem cell research 
D)  nuclear transfer 
A)  gene therapy 
B)  using a gene gun 
C)  stem cell research 
D)  nuclear transfer

Question 18

What changes should result from using stem cells in therapeutic cloning?

Accepted Answer

A)  healthy tissues 
B)  new genomes 
C)  model organisms 
D)  reproductive clones 
A)  healthy tissues 
B)  new genomes 
C)  model organisms 
D)  reproductive clones

Question 19

What determines the structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of amino acids it contains 
B)  the sequence of the amino acids it contains 
C)  the function of the nucleic acids it contains 
D)  the number of fatty acids it contains 
A)  the number of amino acids it contains 
B)  the sequence of the amino acids it contains 
C)  the function of the nucleic acids it contains 
D)  the number of fatty acids it contains

Question 20

What type of mutation produces no significant change in a functional protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  frameshift mutation 
B)  substitution mutation 
C)  normal mutation 
D)  neutral mutation 
A)  frameshift mutation 
B)  substitution mutation 
C)  normal mutation 
D)  neutral mutation

Exam 9: Genetically Modified Organisms: Gene Expression, Mutation,

What is the function of tRNA molecules during translation?

What sequence of mRNA is made from the gene TTACAGGTCC?

What nitrogenous bases are found in a molecule of RNA (ribonucleic acid)?

Imagine that a mutation in a DNA molecule results in the codon CCU being changed to CCC. Both of these codons code for proline. What characteristic accounts for the fact that more than one codon can code for the same amino acid?

-According to the figure, what difference is shown between DNA and RNA?

What process resulted in a dramatic increase in milk production in modern dairy cows?

In genetics, what are palindromes?

What situation results from a frameshift mutation?

Why are the sterile transgenic salmon of concern for local streams?

How are proteins changed to become recombinant proteins?

Which molecule serves as the template during translation?

What are the undifferentiated cells that can be used in therapeutic cloning?

To what does RNA polymerase bind to begin the process of transcription?

Which structure could be incorporated into a protein?

How does RNA differ from DNA?

Which structure is found in the nucleotides of DNA but not in RNA?

What process is used to clone animals like the famous sheep "Dolly"?

What changes should result from using stem cells in therapeutic cloning?

What determines the structure of a protein?

What type of mutation produces no significant change in a functional protein?

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