Question 1

Which cells are not normally involved in the functioning of the immune system in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  white blood cells 
B)  red blood cells 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  B cells 
A)  white blood cells 
B)  red blood cells 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  B cells B

Question 2

What is an immune system cell that binds to an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  antibody 
B)  immunoglobulin 
C)  T cell 
D)  macrophage 
A)  antibody 
B)  immunoglobulin 
C)  T cell 
D)  macrophage A

Question 3

Why are latent viruses more likely to be transmitted to unsuspecting hosts than other types of viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because latent viruses have the ability to infect host cells better than most types of viruses. 
B)  Latent viruses lack a capsid, which enables them to infect host cells more readily. 
C)  Latent viruses reproduce slowly and steadily, allowing them to gain a foothold in the host. 
D)  Latent viruses can undergo long periods of dormancy, enabling infected hosts to transmit them to others unknowingly. 
A)  Because latent viruses have the ability to infect host cells better than most types of viruses. 
B)  Latent viruses lack a capsid, which enables them to infect host cells more readily. 
C)  Latent viruses reproduce slowly and steadily, allowing them to gain a foothold in the host. 
D)  Latent viruses can undergo long periods of dormancy, enabling infected hosts to transmit them to others unknowingly. D

Question 4

-Refer to the figure to answer the following question: During which step in replication is the virus dependent upon the use of its own reverse transcriptase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Step 1 
B)  Step 2 
C)  Step 3 
D)  Step 4 
A)  Step 1 
B)  Step 2 
C)  Step 3 
D)  Step 4

Question 5

Which pathogen is a eukaryote?

Accepted Answer

A)  Giardia 
B)  rabies virus 
C)  E. coli 
D)  Staphylococcus 
A)  Giardia 
B)  rabies virus 
C)  E. coli 
D)  Staphylococcus

Question 6

A research scientist is trying to design a new antibiotic that would break down the gelatinous capsule that surrounds each bacterial cell. What action would this antibiotic prevent in bacteria that would make it effective in preventing human illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  passing genes to each other 
B)  swimming away from cells of the immune system 
C)  attaching to body cells in order to cause infection 
D)  reproducing using binary fission 
A)  passing genes to each other 
B)  swimming away from cells of the immune system 
C)  attaching to body cells in order to cause infection 
D)  reproducing using binary fission

Question 7

True or false: Every antigen receptor synthesized by lymphocytes is encoded by a separate gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

True or false: Infectious diseases differ from genetic diseases in that infectious diseases are usually contagious.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which specific defense mechanism protects against foreign organisms that have managed to infect body cells by destroying these cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell-mediated immune system 
B)  antibody-mediated immune system 
C)  pyrogens 
D)  inflammatory response 
A)  cell-mediated immune system 
B)  antibody-mediated immune system 
C)  pyrogens 
D)  inflammatory response

Question 10

Why aren't viruses classified as living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viruses don't possess a nucleus. 
B)  Viruses aren't capable of replicating themselves without a host cell. 
C)  Viruses don't always contain DNA as their genetic material. 
D)  Viruses don't contain any proteins. 
A)  Viruses don't possess a nucleus. 
B)  Viruses aren't capable of replicating themselves without a host cell. 
C)  Viruses don't always contain DNA as their genetic material. 
D)  Viruses don't contain any proteins.

Question 11

The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing weakened polio viruses. How do the weakened viruses protect vaccinated individuals against polio?

Accepted Answer

A)  They prevent further viral invasion. 
B)  They induce an inflammatory response. 
C)  They promote production of antibodies. 
D)  They are too weak to cause illness. 
A)  They prevent further viral invasion. 
B)  They induce an inflammatory response. 
C)  They promote production of antibodies. 
D)  They are too weak to cause illness.

Question 12

AZT is an effective drug for treating HIV-infected individuals because it prevents the replication of new viral particles. The HIV virus has a genome made of RNA. Of the following, which represents the most likely target for the action of AZT?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA in the host cell 
B)  cell wall of the virus 
C)  reverse transcriptase in the virus 
D)  DNA ligase in the host cell 
A)  DNA in the host cell 
B)  cell wall of the virus 
C)  reverse transcriptase in the virus 
D)  DNA ligase in the host cell

Question 13

Where can the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain dormant for an extended period of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood 
B)  lungs 
C)  soil 
D)  intestines 
A)  blood 
B)  lungs 
C)  soil 
D)  intestines

Question 14

Both B cells and T cells make up the third line of defense against pathogens but do so in different ways. How do B cells function?

Accepted Answer

A)  They attack and kill infected body cells. 
B)  They make and secrete antibodies. 
C)  They detect invaders and alert T cells. 
D)  They present antigens to T cells. 
A)  They attack and kill infected body cells. 
B)  They make and secrete antibodies. 
C)  They detect invaders and alert T cells. 
D)  They present antigens to T cells.

Question 15

You have developed an antibiotic that inhibits a bacterial enzyme critical for the formation of the cell wall. However, after only a short time, the bacteria become resistant to the antibiotic, and it's no longer effective. Which mechanism is responsible for the bacteria no longer being sensitive to your antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Over time, your antibiotic selected for bacteria containing a gene that codes for an enzyme capable of metabolizing your antibiotic. 
B)  The bacteria learned to avoid taking up the antibiotic in their surroundings. 
C)  The immune system of bacteria recognized the antibiotic as being foreign and quickly removed any antibiotic before it could accumulate to toxic levels. 
D)  Through the use of plasmids, bacteria communicated with other bacteria that a noxious chemical was present in the environment. 
A)  Over time, your antibiotic selected for bacteria containing a gene that codes for an enzyme capable of metabolizing your antibiotic. 
B)  The bacteria learned to avoid taking up the antibiotic in their surroundings. 
C)  The immune system of bacteria recognized the antibiotic as being foreign and quickly removed any antibiotic before it could accumulate to toxic levels. 
D)  Through the use of plasmids, bacteria communicated with other bacteria that a noxious chemical was present in the environment.

Question 16

One of the reasons that viruses are such effective infectious organisms is their ability to gain entry into host cells. Which component of a virus is primarily responsible for this feat?

Accepted Answer

A)  flagellae 
B)  reverse transcriptase 
C)  single stranded RNA 
D)  viral envelope 
A)  flagellae 
B)  reverse transcriptase 
C)  single stranded RNA 
D)  viral envelope

Question 17

Which mode of transmission is used by the HIV virus in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  sneezing 
B)  blood transfusion 
C)  tears 
D)  insect bite 
A)  sneezing 
B)  blood transfusion 
C)  tears 
D)  insect bite

Question 18

An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. What will be the result of the continued application of this antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Every time the antibiotic is given, it will kill 99.9% of the bacterial population. 
B)  Through time, the antibiotic will become less effective at killing the bacteria. 
C)  Eventually, the entire bacterial population will be wiped out. 
D)  The bacterial population will reach an equilibrium point at which the antibiotic is 50% effective. 
A)  Every time the antibiotic is given, it will kill 99.9% of the bacterial population. 
B)  Through time, the antibiotic will become less effective at killing the bacteria. 
C)  Eventually, the entire bacterial population will be wiped out. 
D)  The bacterial population will reach an equilibrium point at which the antibiotic is 50% effective.

Question 19

What causes fever?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macrophages release pyrogens, which cause body temperature to increase. 
B)  Complementary proteins coat the surfaces of microbes and cause an increase in their temperature. 
C)  The activity of B cells and T cells causes the body to give off more heat. 
D)  Damaged cells release histamine, which increases body temperature. 
A)  Macrophages release pyrogens, which cause body temperature to increase. 
B)  Complementary proteins coat the surfaces of microbes and cause an increase in their temperature. 
C)  The activity of B cells and T cells causes the body to give off more heat. 
D)  Damaged cells release histamine, which increases body temperature.

Question 20

Why is it important to keep your leftover chicken salad in the refrigerator?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potential viruses in the chicken salad thrive under warm conditions. 
B)  Spores released by harmful bacteria only germinate at room temperature. 
C)  Infectious bacteria like Salmonella reproduce more quickly at room temperature. 
D)  Chicken salad loses its flavor if stored at room temperature. 
A)  Potential viruses in the chicken salad thrive under warm conditions. 
B)  Spores released by harmful bacteria only germinate at room temperature. 
C)  Infectious bacteria like Salmonella reproduce more quickly at room temperature. 
D)  Chicken salad loses its flavor if stored at room temperature.

Exam 20: Vaccination: Protection and Prevention or Peril Immune System,

Which cells are not normally involved in the functioning of the immune system in humans?

What is an immune system cell that binds to an antigen?

Why are latent viruses more likely to be transmitted to unsuspecting hosts than other types of viruses?

-Refer to the figure to answer the following question: During which step in replication is the virus dependent upon the use of its own reverse transcriptase?

Which pathogen is a eukaryote?

A research scientist is trying to design a new antibiotic that would break down the gelatinous capsule that surrounds each bacterial cell. What action would this antibiotic prevent in bacteria that would make it effective in preventing human illness?

True or false: Every antigen receptor synthesized by lymphocytes is encoded by a separate gene.

True or false: Infectious diseases differ from genetic diseases in that infectious diseases are usually contagious.

Which specific defense mechanism protects against foreign organisms that have managed to infect body cells by destroying these cells?

Why aren't viruses classified as living organisms?

The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing weakened polio viruses. How do the weakened viruses protect vaccinated individuals against polio?

AZT is an effective drug for treating HIV-infected individuals because it prevents the replication of new viral particles. The HIV virus has a genome made of RNA. Of the following, which represents the most likely target for the action of AZT?

Where can the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain dormant for an extended period of time?

Both B cells and T cells make up the third line of defense against pathogens but do so in different ways. How do B cells function?

One of the reasons that viruses are such effective infectious organisms is their ability to gain entry into host cells. Which component of a virus is primarily responsible for this feat?

Which mode of transmission is used by the HIV virus in humans?

An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. What will be the result of the continued application of this antibiotic?

What causes fever?

Why is it important to keep your leftover chicken salad in the refrigerator?

Can Science Cure the Common Cold Introduction to the Scientific Method

Science Fiction, Bad Science, and Pseudoscience:

Is It Possible to Supplement Your Way to Better Performance and Health

Body Weight and Health: Enzymes, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration

Life in the Greenhouse: Photosynthesis and Climate Change

Cancer: DNA Synthesis, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Are You Only As Smart As Your Genes Mendelian and Quantitative Genetics

DNA Detective: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and Dna Profiling

Genetically Modified Organisms: Gene Expression, Mutation,

Where Did We Come From the Evidence for Evolution

An Evolving Enemy: Natural Selection

Who Am I Species and Races

The Greatest Species on Earth Biodiversity and Classification

Is the Human Population Too Large Population Ecology

Conserving Biodiversity: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Where Do You Live Climate and Biomes

Organ Donation: Tissues and Organs

Binge Drinking: the Digestive and Urinary Systems

Clearing the Air: Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems

Human Sex Differences: Endocrine, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Is There Something in the Water Reproductive and Developmental Biology

Study Drugs: Brain Boost or Brain Drain Brain Structure and Function

Feeding the World: Plant Structure and Growth

Growing a Green Thumb: Plant Physiology

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