Exam 15: Questionnaire Design and Scale Construction

Erin wanted to avoid acquiescence bias in her scale, but was not sure if she had succeeded. Specifically, which of the following techniques would NOT be a way to address acquiescence bias?

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Question 1

Correct Answer:

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You are interested in constructing a new scale to tap people's attitudes toward social science methodology classes. However, since you cannot decide which type of scale would be best suited for this topic, you decide to write four different versions of items assessing attitudes toward methods classes. (a) Specifically, provide three example items that represent each of the four types of scales (i.e., Thurstone, Guttman, Likert, and semantic differentials). Be sure to explain why your example items reflect the qualities of their respective scales. (b) Which type of scale would be best suited for this topic, and why?

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Question 2

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(a)
Thurstone Scale:
1. Methods classes are a waste of time and should not be required for social science students.
2. Methods classes are somewhat useful, but could be improved with better teaching methods.
3. Methods classes are essential for understanding research in the social sciences.

Guttman Scale:
1. Disagree strongly
2. Disagree
3. Neutral
4. Agree
5. Agree strongly

Likert Scale:
1. I feel confident in my ability to understand and apply social science research methods.
2. I find methods classes to be valuable in my education as a social science student.
3. I believe methods classes are necessary for developing critical thinking skills in the social sciences.

Semantic Differentials:
Methods classes are:
1. Boring - Interesting
2. Confusing - Clear
3. Useless - Valuable

(b) The Likert scale would be best suited for this topic. This is because it allows for a range of responses, from strongly disagree to strongly agree, which can capture the nuances of attitudes toward social science methodology classes. Additionally, the Likert scale allows for the inclusion of multiple items to assess attitudes, providing a more comprehensive understanding of individuals' perspectives.

Which of the following types of scales require more extensive time and effort commitments in the scale development stage? (circle all that apply)

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Question 3

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While sometimes they can appear more similar than different, the term ___(a)_ broadly refers to a less formal, brief survey composed of single-item measures; _(b)___ broadly refers to a more formal, longer survey with many items representing each construct, and multiple constructs being measured.

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Question 4

What are the different types of factor analysis and how can they assist with scale construction?

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Question 5

Zelda wants to construct a scale that is able to assess the extremity of people's attitudes toward great white sharks, but her available survey space is limited, so she decided to stick with dichotomous (yes/no) questions. Furthermore, she constructed the items so that each item in the survey was progressively more extreme than the previous (although these items would then be counterbalanced), and respondents would select the one item that best reflects their attitude toward great white sharks. The type of scale Zelda created is most likely a:

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Question 6

What is the acquiescence bias, and why does it influence the way in which researchers format their items? Specifically, (a) describe the acquiescence bias, (b) describe how it impacts item construction and response formats, (c) offer one way to address this problem in scale construction, and provide an example that illustrates how it would address the problem of acquiescence bias.

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Question 7

Guttman scales and Thurstone scales differ in which of the following ways? (circle all that apply)

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Question 8

Questionnaires differ from rating scales in various ways, such as:

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Question 9

Amos wanted to construct a scale that assessed people's attitudes toward a new electric car, but was having a hard time developing items that varied in content intensity. Instead, he decided to write questions that all reflected moderate liking or dislike of the electric car. This scale example would most likely be a:

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Question 10

Boris and Delilah were debating how many response options they should have in their Likert scale items. Boris suggested 21, Delilah suggested three. Based on what you know about response formats, how many response options is usually an optimal balance between depth of response and the amount of cognitive effort respondents have to put forth?

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Question 11

Describe two advantages of questionnaires, compared to scales, and describe two advantages of scales, compared to questionnaires.

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Question 12

Inclusion of a "no response" or "don't know" response option may:

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Question 13

What are some advantages and disadvantages of using open-ended vs. multiple choice items? Compare and contrast Thurstone's method of equally-appearing intervals and Osgood's semantic differential scaling approach.

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Question 14

Which of the following rules of thumb for constructing questionnaires or ratings scales are provided by Crano, Brewer, and Lac? (circle all that apply)

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Question 15

Take the hypothetical scale question: "Legalization of marijuana would be a step in the wrong direction for the United States." For this question, the Likert-style response option "strongly agree" would be coded as , while "strongly disagree would be coded as .

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Question 16

When designing questionnaire (or scale) items, some of the first decisions you make are in terms of the structure of the survey. What are three rules of thumb you should consider when wording specific items or ordering items in a questionnaire? For each rule of thumb, describe it, provide an example that demonstrates why it is an important rule of thumb, and explain how and why that example reflects the corresponding rule of thumb.

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Question 17

Nonmonotone items refer to ___(a)_, and are used in _(b)___.

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Question 18

Which of the following can help capture a broader and wider range of responses from respondents?

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Question 19

There is ongoing debate about whether to use "don't know" or "no opinion" response options in questionnaire items. Why is this still a contentious issue? Describe two arguments for including a "no response" option in your response options, and two arguments against including such non-response options in a survey.

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 22

Erin wanted to avoid acquiescence bias in her scale, but was not sure if she had succeeded. Specifically, which of the following techniques would NOT be a way to address acquiescence bias?

Which of the following types of scales require more extensive time and effort commitments in the scale development stage? (circle all that apply)

While sometimes they can appear more similar than different, the term ___(a)_ broadly refers to a less formal, brief survey composed of single-item measures; _(b)___ broadly refers to a more formal, longer survey with many items representing each construct, and multiple constructs being measured.

What are the different types of factor analysis and how can they assist with scale construction?

Guttman scales and Thurstone scales differ in which of the following ways? (circle all that apply)

Questionnaires differ from rating scales in various ways, such as:

Describe two advantages of questionnaires, compared to scales, and describe two advantages of scales, compared to questionnaires.

Inclusion of a "no response" or "don't know" response option may:

What are some advantages and disadvantages of using open-ended vs. multiple choice items? Compare and contrast Thurstone's method of equally-appearing intervals and Osgood's semantic differential scaling approach.

Which of the following rules of thumb for constructing questionnaires or ratings scales are provided by Crano, Brewer, and Lac? (circle all that apply)

Take the hypothetical scale question: "Legalization of marijuana would be a step in the wrong direction for the United States." For this question, the Likert-style response option "strongly agree" would be coded as , while "strongly disagree would be coded as .

Nonmonotone items refer to ___(a)_, and are used in _(b)___.

Which of the following can help capture a broader and wider range of responses from respondents?

Basic Concepts

Internal and External Validity

Measurement Reliability

Measurement Validity

Designing Experiments

Constructing Laboratory Experiments

External Validity of Laboratory Experiments

Conducting Experiments Outside the Laboratory

Nonexperimental Research

Quasi-Experiments and Evaluation Research

Survey Studies

Systematic Observational Methods

Interviewing

Content Analysis

Indirect and Implicit Measures of Cognition and Affect

Scaling Stimuli

Methods for Assessing Dyads and Groups

Synthesizing Research Results

Social Responsibility and Ethics in Social Research

Filters

Exam 15: Questionnaire Design and Scale Construction

Erin wanted to avoid acquiescence bias in her scale, but was not sure if she had succeeded. Specifically, which of the following techniques would NOT be a way to address acquiescence bias?

Which of the following types of scales require more extensive time and effort commitments in the scale development stage? (circle all that apply)

What are the different types of factor analysis and how can they assist with scale construction?

Guttman scales and Thurstone scales differ in which of the following ways? (circle all that apply)

Questionnaires differ from rating scales in various ways, such as:

Describe two advantages of questionnaires, compared to scales, and describe two advantages of scales, compared to questionnaires.

Inclusion of a "no response" or "don't know" response option may:

What are some advantages and disadvantages of using open-ended vs. multiple choice items? Compare and contrast Thurstone's method of equally-appearing intervals and Osgood's semantic differential scaling approach.

Which of the following rules of thumb for constructing questionnaires or ratings scales are provided by Crano, Brewer, and Lac? (circle all that apply)

Take the hypothetical scale question: "Legalization of marijuana would be a step in the wrong direction for the United States." For this question, the Likert-style response option "strongly agree" would be coded as ____, while "strongly disagree would be coded as ____.

Nonmonotone items refer to _____(a)_____, and are used in _____(b)_____.

Which of the following can help capture a broader and wider range of responses from respondents?

Basic Concepts

Internal and External Validity

Measurement Reliability

Measurement Validity

Designing Experiments

Constructing Laboratory Experiments

External Validity of Laboratory Experiments

Conducting Experiments Outside the Laboratory

Nonexperimental Research

Quasi-Experiments and Evaluation Research

Survey Studies

Systematic Observational Methods

Interviewing

Content Analysis

Indirect and Implicit Measures of Cognition and Affect

Scaling Stimuli

Methods for Assessing Dyads and Groups

Synthesizing Research Results

Social Responsibility and Ethics in Social Research

Filters

Take the hypothetical scale question: "Legalization of marijuana would be a step in the wrong direction for the United States." For this question, the Likert-style response option "strongly agree" would be coded as , while "strongly disagree would be coded as .

Nonmonotone items refer to ___(a)_, and are used in _(b)___.