Question 1

Which of the following features of diet and behaviours is LEAST likely to be associated with CVD?

Accepted Answer

A)  biodiverse, ultra-processed foods 
B)  high dietary acid load 
C)  snacking on nutrient-dense foods 
D)  night shift work 
E)  the planetary health diet 
A)  biodiverse, ultra-processed foods 
B)  high dietary acid load 
C)  snacking on nutrient-dense foods 
D)  night shift work 
E)  the planetary health diet E

Question 2

Which of the following statements about cardiovascular disease (CVD) is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  In many low- and middle-income countries, the rise in the CVD prevalence is seen with a nutrition transition towards energy-dense diets, obesity and physical inactivity. 
B)  CVD is commonly associated with atherosclerosis or the inflammation of arteries resulting in endothelial dysfunction and narrowing of the arteries due to accumulation of plaque. 
C)  Dietary patterns for CVD prevention include gluten-free, kosher, Mediterranean, DASH and vegetarian diets. 
D)  Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables is recommended for preventing CVD because they provide fibre, folate, potassium, antioxidants and a variety of phytonutrients. 
E)  Alcohol consumption is not recommended for preventing CVD even though it could provide protection against coronary heart disease. 
A)  In many low- and middle-income countries, the rise in the CVD prevalence is seen with a nutrition transition towards energy-dense diets, obesity and physical inactivity. 
B)  CVD is commonly associated with atherosclerosis or the inflammation of arteries resulting in endothelial dysfunction and narrowing of the arteries due to accumulation of plaque. 
C)  Dietary patterns for CVD prevention include gluten-free, kosher, Mediterranean, DASH and vegetarian diets. 
D)  Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables is recommended for preventing CVD because they provide fibre, folate, potassium, antioxidants and a variety of phytonutrients. 
E)  Alcohol consumption is not recommended for preventing CVD even though it could provide protection against coronary heart disease. C

Question 3

The following food, nutrition and personal behavioural characteristics are generally associated with an increased risk of both CVD and reduced bone mass EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  energy-dense, nutrient-poor diets 
B)  animal-based high acid load diets 
C)  being overweight or obese 
D)  sedentary behaviours 
E)  cigarette smoking 
A)  energy-dense, nutrient-poor diets 
B)  animal-based high acid load diets 
C)  being overweight or obese 
D)  sedentary behaviours 
E)  cigarette smoking C

Question 4

Food intake may improve organ function EXCEPT that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fruit and vegetables protect against cardiovascular disease through provision of numerous bioactive components. 
B)  Fish and flaxseed (or linseed) provide neuroprotective n-3 fatty acids. 
C)  Enough natural vitamin D is obtainable from fish and eggs without sunlight. 
D)  Regular intake of tree nuts reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. 
E)  Alcohol intake is a risk factor for several neoplastic diseases. 
A)  Fruit and vegetables protect against cardiovascular disease through provision of numerous bioactive components. 
B)  Fish and flaxseed (or linseed) provide neuroprotective n-3 fatty acids. 
C)  Enough natural vitamin D is obtainable from fish and eggs without sunlight. 
D)  Regular intake of tree nuts reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. 
E)  Alcohol intake is a risk factor for several neoplastic diseases.

Question 5

Identify the features of three dietary patterns that are recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Accepted Answer

1. Mediterranean Diet: This dietary patt

Question 6

Which of the following statements about bone health and osteoporosis is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone turnover is a dynamic process throughout life involving bone formation and bone resorption. 
B)  Peak bone mass is the maximum bone mass and strength achieved at the end of the growth period; the higher peak bone mass the lower risk of osteoporotic fractures in later life. 
C)  A dramatic reduction in bone density in women in the years following menopause explains the higher prevalence of primary osteoporosis compared to other age groups. 
D)  Prevention of fractures may be limited by genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis rather than proneness to falls. 
E)  Physical activity with weight bearing promotes bone formation, hence walking or jogging is better than swimming for reducing risk of osteoporosis. 
A)  Bone turnover is a dynamic process throughout life involving bone formation and bone resorption. 
B)  Peak bone mass is the maximum bone mass and strength achieved at the end of the growth period; the higher peak bone mass the lower risk of osteoporotic fractures in later life. 
C)  A dramatic reduction in bone density in women in the years following menopause explains the higher prevalence of primary osteoporosis compared to other age groups. 
D)  Prevention of fractures may be limited by genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis rather than proneness to falls. 
E)  Physical activity with weight bearing promotes bone formation, hence walking or jogging is better than swimming for reducing risk of osteoporosis.

Question 7

Resistance exercise training is known to help preserve bone and muscle mass. What is resistance exercise? List 2 examples of this kind of exercise.

Accepted Answer

lifting weights and

Question 8

The following are recommendations for preventing osteoporosis and reducing risk for its related fractures EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  varied plant-based diet with calcium supplements 
B)  increase consumption of fruit and vegetables 
C)  maintain a healthy body weight 
D)  increase physical activity especially weight-bearing. 
E)  avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption 
A)  varied plant-based diet with calcium supplements 
B)  increase consumption of fruit and vegetables 
C)  maintain a healthy body weight 
D)  increase physical activity especially weight-bearing. 
E)  avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption

Question 9

Which of the following statements about sarcopenia is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although by definition, sarcopenia means muscle loss, the term is often extended to loss of muscle strength. 
B)  It is a condition of age-associated muscle degeneration and its cause is multifactorial. 
C)  Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength in sarcopenia is irreversible. 
D)  Even highly trained athletes can experience loss of muscle mass and strength. 
E)  It can decrease quality of life and life expectancy. 
A)  Although by definition, sarcopenia means muscle loss, the term is often extended to loss of muscle strength. 
B)  It is a condition of age-associated muscle degeneration and its cause is multifactorial. 
C)  Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength in sarcopenia is irreversible. 
D)  Even highly trained athletes can experience loss of muscle mass and strength. 
E)  It can decrease quality of life and life expectancy.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about oral health is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although not life-threatening, dental diseases have a detrimental effect on quality of life in childhood through to old age. 
B)  The elderly, particularly those with metabolic syndrome, are at increased mortality risk if their chewing ability is compromised. 
C)  Consumption of certain foods such as unrefined plant foods, milk, cheese and tea, can help prevent the development of dental caries. 
D)  Dietary fluoride principally from drinking water can protect against dental caries because it stimulates the flow of saliva which promotes the teeth remineralisation. 
E)  Periodontal disease, which is an oral infection, may result from impaired immune function caused by malnutrition and possibly by dysbiosis of the oral microbiota. 
A)  Although not life-threatening, dental diseases have a detrimental effect on quality of life in childhood through to old age. 
B)  The elderly, particularly those with metabolic syndrome, are at increased mortality risk if their chewing ability is compromised. 
C)  Consumption of certain foods such as unrefined plant foods, milk, cheese and tea, can help prevent the development of dental caries. 
D)  Dietary fluoride principally from drinking water can protect against dental caries because it stimulates the flow of saliva which promotes the teeth remineralisation. 
E)  Periodontal disease, which is an oral infection, may result from impaired immune function caused by malnutrition and possibly by dysbiosis of the oral microbiota.

Exam 33: Disordered Organ Functions

Which of the following features of diet and behaviours is LEAST likely to be associated with CVD?

Which of the following statements about cardiovascular disease (CVD) is FALSE?

The following food, nutrition and personal behavioural characteristics are generally associated with an increased risk of both CVD and reduced bone mass EXCEPT:

Food intake may improve organ function EXCEPT that:

Identify the features of three dietary patterns that are recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Which of the following statements about bone health and osteoporosis is FALSE?

Resistance exercise training is known to help preserve bone and muscle mass. What is resistance exercise? List 2 examples of this kind of exercise.

The following are recommendations for preventing osteoporosis and reducing risk for its related fractures EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements about sarcopenia is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about oral health is FALSE?

An Econutrition Approach to Nutrition

The Toolkit for Nutritional Practice

Evaluating the Reliability of Nutrition Information

Food Systems and Security

Food Processing

Food Safety: Regulation, Risk Analysis and Food Chemicals

Food Safety: Microbiological Risks

Food Groups and Diet

Food Digestion

Proteins

Fats

Carbohydrates

Food Energy

Water

Alcohol

Vitamins

Minerals

Phytonutrients

Food-Based Guidance Systems

Pregnancy and Lactation

Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence

Adults and the Later Years

Assessing and Evaluating Nutritional Status, Diets and Physical Activity

Nutrition Monitoring and Surveillance

Nutritional Economics

Sustainable Food and Nutrition Practice

Social and Cultural Influences

Understanding Food and Nutrition for Indigenous Peoples

International Nutrition and Health

Nutritional Biology

Ecohealth Disorders

Disordered System Functions

Mental Health Disorders

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