Exam 10: The Early Empires: Semiperipheral Conquerors and Capitalist City-States

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Unlike in the case of Mesopotamia, Karl Polanyi's theory of marketless exchange does apply to precontact Mexico.

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Describe an ethnic or religious group that fits Phillip Curtin's definition of a "trade diaspora."

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One example of an ethnic or religious group that fits Phillip Curtin's definition of a "trade diaspora" is the Jewish community. Throughout history, Jewish people have been involved in trade and commerce, often establishing diaspora communities in various parts of the world. These communities were connected through trade networks and played a significant role in the global economy.

The Jewish diaspora, particularly during the medieval and early modern periods, was characterized by the establishment of trading networks that spanned across different regions. Jewish merchants were known for their involvement in long-distance trade, and their communities often served as hubs for economic exchange and cultural interaction.

One notable example is the Sephardic Jewish community, which originated in the Iberian Peninsula and later dispersed throughout the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and other parts of the world. These communities were deeply involved in trade and finance, and their diaspora networks facilitated economic connections between different regions.

Overall, the Jewish community exemplifies Curtin's definition of a "trade diaspora" due to their historical involvement in commerce, the establishment of diaspora communities linked through trade networks, and their significant impact on the global economy.

The New World empire that required labor service rather than tribute was:

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All known empires were produced by polities with a clear state-level of organization and class relations.

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The Silk Road was used by Chinese civilization to trade with the West at the same time that Egyptian and Mesopotamian states first emerged.

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How might the course-grained ecology of the Andes empires work in favor or against empire building?

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New World indigenous people's lack of immunity to infectious diseases from Eurasia was an important reason why Cortez was able to conquer the Aztecs.

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The following were semiperipheral capitalist city-states:

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The precontact Incan economy is a good example of Karl Polyani's theory of a marketless centralized state.

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According to Marvin Harris universalistic religions facilitate empire-building because:

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Semiperipheral polities generally had a better chance of conquering a core region than peripheral polities.

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The first core-wide conquest state was the Old Assyrian Empire.

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In what ways are core-wide empires different from hegemonic core states?

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The world religions were a natural extension of kin-based groupings.

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In what ways were the manner in which Mesopotamians treated the Gutians and the Amorites similar and different from your understanding of modern racism?

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Contrast the course-grained ecology of the Andes empires with the ecology of either the Mesopotamian or Egyptian empires.

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Legal systems are different than moral orders based on consensus because:

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Autonomous and active trading ports are more likely to exist when other states within the region are weak.

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The first urbanized empire in the Americas was Teotihuacán.

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A precondition of all semiperipheral capitalist city-states is that they must be near a large body of water.

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