Exam 3: Infancy: The Psychological World

The rich or ___ interpretation views infants as able to understand that others have mental states that cause them to act to achieve certain goals.

Infants interpret adult gaze as volitional and ___, they understand that adult looking behavior is a mental act of seeing some particular thing.

Infants understand gazing and pointing as ___ gestural cues, and can use these as clues to find the location of hidden objects.

Infants' pointing can either be protodeclarative or ___ in function.

Tomasello describes joint attention episodes as "___" for learning.

Having an understanding of false belief is taken as evidence for understanding that others have mental ___.

A classic apparatus used to study social referencing is the "visual ___" where infant crawling behavior is measured.

Infants show an innate preference for the mother's face, smell and ___.

According to Gergely, infants by 3 months of age begin to prefer ___ contingencies in their interactions with social partners.

The goal of protodeclarative pointing is joint ___.

It has been argued that infants' gaze following could be a result of ___ learning, rather than infants being able to represent that the other person is choosing to look at the object.

According to Meltzoff, infants realize through early interactions with other agents that the other person is "just like ___".

In Woodward and Guajardo's (2002) study, even 9-month-old infants can use pointing as an effective ___ for attention.

By 14 months, infants are more likely to imitate ___, goal-directed acts rather than accidental acts.

Behne et al. (2005) showed that by 9-months, infants could distinguish between different types of human intentional actions, for example whether an experimenter was distracted, unwilling or ___ to give them a toy.

According to Gergely and Csibra, infants adopt a "___ stance" to the representation of action, which does not include a representation of the mental states of the agent.

Bowlby noted that newborn babies are equipped with behavioral mechanisms for ensuring ___ to the mother or primary caretaker.

In Scaife and Bruner's gaze-following experiment, they found that older infants showed social ___ by looking back to the experimenter and then again at the wall.

In adults, the area of the brain that responds selectively to faces is the ___ gyrus.