Exam 2: Infancy: The Physical World 2

Infants can use auditory cues to reorganize the perception of ___ visual events, for example in visual streaming displays, the objects appear to bounce only when a tone sounds at the coincidence point.

In cognitive psychology, learning is usually measured via measures of recognition or ___

Infants can represent and remember both the perceptual characteristics and causal structure of events. With repeated experiences of the same event, the ___ of the concept or schema may become encoded more strongly than variable perceptual details.

Most of the apparent gaps in infants' cognitive abilities involve repetitive or ___ behavioral routines.

A criticism of Wynn's (1992) experiment was that infants could have been responding to a change in ___ variables like surface area and contour density, rather than to numerosity per se.

Piaget initially argued that babies committed the "A-not-B" error because they relied on ___ spatial codes.

Wynn's (1992) experiment was controversial because she claimed that the results showed that infants could compute the numerical results of simple ___ operations.

Adult patients and monkeys with lesions to the ___ cortex also show perseverative behaviors.

For explanation-based learning to occur, the infant must notice ___ outcomes and the conditions that determine these outcomes.

Infants develop two separable causal frameworks for explaining the behavior of objects (physical reasoning) and ___ (psychological reasoning).

Baillargeon and colleagues provided evidence that infants were capable of simple reasoning because when infants were shown the ___ behind "impossible" events, they no longer looked longer at these events.

Infants who are shown the solution to one toy problem scenario can transfer the solution to a second or third problem. This is an example of learning by ___

Meltzoff and colleagues argued that for infants to successfully imitate actions and gestures, they must have a ___ capacity.

Meltzoff argued that infants can understand the goals and ___ of human agents, even if these are not fulfilled in their actions.

When adults view launching events (e.g. one billiard ball colliding with another and setting it in motion), they have an impression of ___

According to Anderson, reasoning and problem solving involves cognitive mental processes, not ___ or routine behaviors.

Infants' perseverative behavior might be due to an inability to ___ a predominant action tendency.

Kinesthetic-visual matching in adults involves multimodal neurons in the ventral premotor and parietal cortex, which are known as ___ neurons.

According to Gergely, infants tend to adopt an "___ stance" toward agents' behavior when it appears rational.

According to Leslie's domain ___ view, mechanisms in the brain are specialized to receive inputs from and represent certain kinds of information, such as syntax, number, and music.