Exam 11: Theories of Cognitive Development

___relations hold between any entities that can be organized into an ordinal series. Children are tested on their understanding of these relations inseriation tasks.

The zone of ___ development refers to the difference between what children can do on their own, and what they can do under adult guidance or in collaboration with more able peers.

Connectionist models have provided in-___ demonstrations of aspects of learning and cognition, for example "critical period effects" or "U-shaped curves" in development.

In Piaget's stage of model of cognitive development, the ___-motor stage precedes the pre-operational stage.

Children in Piaget's pre-operational stage were said to be ___. That is, they perceived and interpreted the world in terms of self.

The neuroconstructivist term ___ refers to the biological constraint of the brain being in a body that acts as a "filter" for information from the environment.

Siegler proposed an "___ waves" model to explain children's logical development.

Piaget argued that the interiorization of sensory-motor behaviors occurred via "motor___".

By contrast, Piaget called the process of interpreting experience in terms of current cognitive schemes ___.

Piaget studied infants' developing understanding of the concept of object permanence by analyzing their ___ behavior.

A criticism of Piaget's class ___ task is that the language and phrasing of the test question can bias children's responses, for example if collection terms are used or not.

According to Vygotsky, play involves rules that require children to act against their immediate impulses. This enables development of ___.

According to Piaget, the developing child adapts his/her cognitive schemes for viewing the world to fit reality by the process of ___.

In neuroconstructivism, biological constraints are constraints on ___ rather than on learning.

One of Piaget's claims was that thought develops from ___.

Theneo-Vygotskyian approach of "___ learning" involves teaching children precise definitions of scientific concepts, with the aim of helping children to adopt a strategy of searching for a general principle or theory when faced with a new problem.

In Piaget's ___ task, children have to demonstrate an understanding that quantity remains invariant across changes in appearance.

In Piaget's "formal operational" stage, children are thought to be able to carryout "second-order" reasoning in order to generate and test ___.

Vygotsky proposed that cultural semiotic systems or "___" systems are psychological tools for organizing cognitive behavior.

Luria's(1977) study on unschooled peasants in Uzbekistan and Kirghizia showed that they were incapable of ___ reasoning.