Question 1

Why is direct measurement always preferable to indirect measurement?

Accepted Answer

Scientists always prefer direct measurement over indirect measurement. The reason is that indirect measurement requires the investigator to make assumptions about the relationship between the indirect measures themselves (e.g., questionnaire data) and what they are supposed to represent.

Question 2

Amanda was conducting a study on vocal tics in children with Tourette's syndrome. Every 10 minutes, she would observe the child to see if he was engaged in a vocal tic at that exact moment. Amanda is using a procedure known as ______:

Accepted Answer

A)  partial interval recording 
B)  momentary time sampling 
C)  continuous observation 
D)  whole interval recording 
A)  partial interval recording 
B)  momentary time sampling 
C)  continuous observation 
D)  whole interval recording B

Question 3

Generally, the use of partial interval recording is likely to cause the investigator to:

Accepted Answer

A)  have to minimize observer drift 
B)  overestimate the occurrence of the target behavior 
C)  accurately measure the occurrence of the target behavior 
D)  underestimate the occurrence of the target behavior 
A)  have to minimize observer drift 
B)  overestimate the occurrence of the target behavior 
C)  accurately measure the occurrence of the target behavior 
D)  underestimate the occurrence of the target behavior B

Question 4

Percent of scored intervals is a dimensionless quantity. Explain what a dimensionless quantity is and the problems associated with them.

Accepted Answer

A dimensionless quantity is a unitless o

Question 5

Distinguish between complete and incomplete observation.

Accepted Answer

Complete observation allows fo

Question 6

When should observations occur for recording behavior?

Accepted Answer

Observations should coincide w

Question 7

A personal trainer records the number of miles her client can run when he first comes to her for help. After a month of training, she again records her client's performance to see if he has improved his stamina. In this example, the personal trainer is using what kind of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interval 
B)  Indirect 
C)  Complete 
D)  Direct 
A)  Interval 
B)  Indirect 
C)  Complete 
D)  Direct

Question 8

When may it be preferable to use machines over humans for recording observations.

Accepted Answer

Equipment generally has the characterist

Question 9

The most notable advantage of using participants as observers is:

Accepted Answer

A)  that they are easier to train than other individuals 
B)  that they are less likely to be influenced by the data they are collecting than other individuals 
C)  that they are always present when the behavior occurs 
D)  that they are usually very interested in what is going on 
A)  that they are easier to train than other individuals 
B)  that they are less likely to be influenced by the data they are collecting than other individuals 
C)  that they are always present when the behavior occurs 
D)  that they are usually very interested in what is going on

Question 10

All of the following are guidelines that can be used to minimize the problems associated with discontinuous measurement procedures, except:

Accepted Answer

A)  running a large enough sample to increase likelihood of getting representative results 
B)  using discontinuous measurement only when continuous observation is not possible 
C)  limiting the amount of non-observation time during sessions 
D)  interpreting the data with respect to its limitations 
A)  running a large enough sample to increase likelihood of getting representative results 
B)  using discontinuous measurement only when continuous observation is not possible 
C)  limiting the amount of non-observation time during sessions 
D)  interpreting the data with respect to its limitations

Question 11

What questions must be answered when observation only samples from among the times when responding can occur? What are their answers?

Accepted Answer

The investigator needs to ask how long t

Question 12

Distinguish between direct and indirect measurement.

Accepted Answer

Direct measurement is a measurement prac

Question 13

What are the interpretive limitations of data in the form of ratios?

Accepted Answer

First, when we combine two dimensional q

Question 14

List and describe three functions of measurement.

Accepted Answer

Measurement allows us to accomplish thre

Question 15

Shawn's parents are interested in decreasing his hair-pulling behavior. To measure this, they recorded whether Shawn engaged in hair-pulling for the entire 10-second time period of each observation period. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  whole interval recording 
B)  momentary time sampling 
C)  indirect assessment 
D)  partial interval recording 
A)  whole interval recording 
B)  momentary time sampling 
C)  indirect assessment 
D)  partial interval recording

Question 16

If a study has multiple behaviors to record and measure, describe two risks for the evaluation and what you can do to mitigate each risk?

Accepted Answer

There is a risk that accuracy of data co

Question 17

One of the drawbacks to using partial interval or whole interval recording is that it does not provide the investigator with any information about:

Accepted Answer

A)  duration, frequency, or scored intervals 
B)  scored intervals, count, or frequency 
C)  duration, count, or scored intervals 
D)  count, duration, or frequency 
A)  duration, frequency, or scored intervals 
B)  scored intervals, count, or frequency 
C)  duration, count, or scored intervals 
D)  count, duration, or frequency

Question 18

Explain partial interval recording and the risks that can be associated with this procedure.

Accepted Answer

In a typical application, the observatio

Question 19

Clayton's watch beeped every 5 minutes, and he recorded whether he had sworn at any time during the 5 minutes since the previous beep. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  momentary time sampling 
B)  whole interval recording 
C)  indirect observation 
D)  partial interval recording 
A)  momentary time sampling 
B)  whole interval recording 
C)  indirect observation 
D)  partial interval recording

Question 20

Explain whole interval recording and the risks that are associated with this procedure.

Accepted Answer

In a typical application, the observatio

Why is direct measurement always preferable to indirect measurement?

Amanda was conducting a study on vocal tics in children with Tourette's syndrome. Every 10 minutes, she would observe the child to see if he was engaged in a vocal tic at that exact moment. Amanda is using a procedure known as ______:

Generally, the use of partial interval recording is likely to cause the investigator to:

Percent of scored intervals is a dimensionless quantity. Explain what a dimensionless quantity is and the problems associated with them.

Distinguish between complete and incomplete observation.

When should observations occur for recording behavior?

A personal trainer records the number of miles her client can run when he first comes to her for help. After a month of training, she again records her client's performance to see if he has improved his stamina. In this example, the personal trainer is using what kind of measurement?

When may it be preferable to use machines over humans for recording observations.

The most notable advantage of using participants as observers is:

All of the following are guidelines that can be used to minimize the problems associated with discontinuous measurement procedures, except:

What questions must be answered when observation only samples from among the times when responding can occur? What are their answers?

Distinguish between direct and indirect measurement.

What are the interpretive limitations of data in the form of ratios?

List and describe three functions of measurement.

Shawn's parents are interested in decreasing his hair-pulling behavior. To measure this, they recorded whether Shawn engaged in hair-pulling for the entire 10-second time period of each observation period. This is an example of:

If a study has multiple behaviors to record and measure, describe two risks for the evaluation and what you can do to mitigate each risk?

One of the drawbacks to using partial interval or whole interval recording is that it does not provide the investigator with any information about:

Explain partial interval recording and the risks that can be associated with this procedure.

Clayton's watch beeped every 5 minutes, and he recorded whether he had sworn at any time during the 5 minutes since the previous beep. This is an example of:

Explain whole interval recording and the risks that are associated with this procedure.

Discovery in Research and Practice

Behavior As a Scientific and Practical Subject Matter

Asking Questions: What Do You Want to Know

Selecting and Defining Target Behaviors

Dimensions of Behavior and Units of Measurement

Behavior Analytic Assessment

Assessing Measurement

Behavioral Variability

Steady States and Transitions

Designing Behavioral Comparisons

Single Baseline Designs

Multiple Baseline Designs

Graphical Analysis of Behavioral Data

Group Research Design and Statistical Analyses

Interpreting Research and Practical Projects

Behavior Analysis Research Methods

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Exam 6: Observing and Recording

Why is direct measurement always preferable to indirect measurement?

Amanda was conducting a study on vocal tics in children with Tourette's syndrome. Every 10 minutes, she would observe the child to see if he was engaged in a vocal tic at that exact moment. Amanda is using a procedure known as ______:

Generally, the use of partial interval recording is likely to cause the investigator to:

Percent of scored intervals is a dimensionless quantity. Explain what a dimensionless quantity is and the problems associated with them.

Distinguish between complete and incomplete observation.

When should observations occur for recording behavior?

A personal trainer records the number of miles her client can run when he first comes to her for help. After a month of training, she again records her client's performance to see if he has improved his stamina. In this example, the personal trainer is using what kind of measurement?

When may it be preferable to use machines over humans for recording observations.

The most notable advantage of using participants as observers is:

All of the following are guidelines that can be used to minimize the problems associated with discontinuous measurement procedures, except:

What questions must be answered when observation only samples from among the times when responding can occur? What are their answers?

Distinguish between direct and indirect measurement.

What are the interpretive limitations of data in the form of ratios?

List and describe three functions of measurement.

Shawn's parents are interested in decreasing his hair-pulling behavior. To measure this, they recorded whether Shawn engaged in hair-pulling for the entire 10-second time period of each observation period. This is an example of:

If a study has multiple behaviors to record and measure, describe two risks for the evaluation and what you can do to mitigate each risk?

One of the drawbacks to using partial interval or whole interval recording is that it does not provide the investigator with any information about:

Explain partial interval recording and the risks that can be associated with this procedure.

Clayton's watch beeped every 5 minutes, and he recorded whether he had sworn at any time during the 5 minutes since the previous beep. This is an example of:

Explain whole interval recording and the risks that are associated with this procedure.

Discovery in Research and Practice

Behavior As a Scientific and Practical Subject Matter

Asking Questions: What Do You Want to Know

Selecting and Defining Target Behaviors

Dimensions of Behavior and Units of Measurement

Behavior Analytic Assessment

Assessing Measurement

Behavioral Variability

Steady States and Transitions

Designing Behavioral Comparisons

Single Baseline Designs

Multiple Baseline Designs

Graphical Analysis of Behavioral Data

Group Research Design and Statistical Analyses

Interpreting Research and Practical Projects

Behavior Analysis Research Methods

Filters