Question 1

What are the two tactics that investigators use to deal with variability?

Accepted Answer

Researchers pursue the three ways of using behavioral variability with a two-part approach: (a) producing variability in responding by manipulating independent variables, whose influence is in question; and (b) reducing variability in responding by identifying and controlling extraneous factors.

Question 2

Variation in features of responding within a single response class as well as variations in the summary measures of that class is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral variability 
B)  intrinsic variability 
C)  extrinsic variability 
D)  intersubject variability 
A)  behavioral variability 
B)  intrinsic variability 
C)  extrinsic variability 
D)  intersubject variability A

Question 3

What are the methodological consequences of assuming that behavioral variability is extrinsic?

Accepted Answer

A)  It may encourage investigators to focus on private events of participants to understand variability 
B)  Investigators may sacrifice experimental control for the sake of accommodating large variability 
C)  It requires the investigator to focus throughout the study or clinical treatment on specific features of the relations between behavior of the individual and the environment 
D)  It may encourage the investigator to conduct fewer behavioral observations since the variability is an unavoidable aspect of the behavior 
A)  It may encourage investigators to focus on private events of participants to understand variability 
B)  Investigators may sacrifice experimental control for the sake of accommodating large variability 
C)  It requires the investigator to focus throughout the study or clinical treatment on specific features of the relations between behavior of the individual and the environment 
D)  It may encourage the investigator to conduct fewer behavioral observations since the variability is an unavoidable aspect of the behavior C

Question 4

What are the three basic functions that variability serves for an investigator?

Accepted Answer

First, variation in responding motivates

Question 5

How does a between-groups research design impact variability?

Accepted Answer

If utilizing a between-groups design, an

Question 6

In the most general sense, ______ is the subject matter of all sciences.

Accepted Answer

A)  inquiry 
B)  knowledge 
C)  variability 
D)  creativity 
A)  inquiry 
B)  knowledge 
C)  variability 
D)  creativity

Question 7

Why is it important to understand sources of behavioral variability and how to manage them?

Accepted Answer

It is important to understand and manage

Question 8

The only source of variability whose impact is intentional is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable 
B)  dimensional quantity 
C)  organism 
D)  extraneous variable 
A)  independent variable 
B)  dimensional quantity 
C)  organism 
D)  extraneous variable

Question 9

What are three kinds of biological influences on variability in behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Developmental processes, intelligence, and environmental effects on body functions 
B)  Intelligence, cyclic physiological processes, and developmental processes 
C)  Cyclic physiological processes, developmental processes, and environmental effects on body functions 
D)  Environmental effects on body functions, cyclic physiological processes, and intelligence 
A)  Developmental processes, intelligence, and environmental effects on body functions 
B)  Intelligence, cyclic physiological processes, and developmental processes 
C)  Cyclic physiological processes, developmental processes, and environmental effects on body functions 
D)  Environmental effects on body functions, cyclic physiological processes, and intelligence

Question 10

What are the methodological consequences of assuming that behavioral variability is intrinsic?

Accepted Answer

If the operating assumption is that vari

Question 11

An experiment that compares two different groups of subjects, one of which experiences the independent variable and the other of which does not experience the independent variable is a ______ design:

Accepted Answer

A)  within-subject 
B)  single-subject 
C)  reversal 
D)  between-groups 
A)  within-subject 
B)  single-subject 
C)  reversal 
D)  between-groups

Question 12

Bobby has trouble sitting still in class, and a behavior consultant works with a teacher to implement a clinical program in which she praises Bobby when staying in his seat. Bobby's sitting behavior increases, and the teacher concludes to the behavior consultant that her praise was responsible for the change. The teacher does not realize that Bobby has started taking medication that causes fatigue. In this example, the medication is serving as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the dependent variable 
B)  the independent variable 
C)  an extraneous variable 
D)  the response class 
A)  the dependent variable 
B)  the independent variable 
C)  an extraneous variable 
D)  the response class

Question 13

When examining behavioral variability, the greatest detail can be found by:

Accepted Answer

A)  summarizing measures of responding across individual sessions 
B)  summarizing the responding that occurs during each session into a single value 
C)  comparing simultaneous but independent observations from two or more observers 
D)  looking at the distribution of individual responses over time during an observation period 
A)  summarizing measures of responding across individual sessions 
B)  summarizing the responding that occurs during each session into a single value 
C)  comparing simultaneous but independent observations from two or more observers 
D)  looking at the distribution of individual responses over time during an observation period

Question 14

What does it mean to propose that variability in behavior is intrinsic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Variability is describable, explainable and predictable 
B)  Variability in behavior is a result of biological and environmental influences 
C)  Variability is inherent in organisms and cannot be influenced by environmental factors 
D)  Variability is a description of covert behaviors and events 
A)  Variability is describable, explainable and predictable 
B)  Variability in behavior is a result of biological and environmental influences 
C)  Variability is inherent in organisms and cannot be influenced by environmental factors 
D)  Variability is a description of covert behaviors and events

Question 15

Describe the most obvious source of variability in an investigation.

Accepted Answer

The most obvious source is the independe

Question 16

What are the three general functions served by behavioral variability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Guides experimental/clinical decisions; provides foundation for interpretations; motivates investigator curiosities 
B)  Motivates investigator curiosities; guides experimental/clinical decisions; brings the investigator's behavior under control of the subject matter 
C)  Guides experimental/clinical decisions; provides foundation for interpretations; brings the investigator's behavior under control of the subject matter 
D)  Provides foundation for interpretations; motivates investigator curiosities; brings the investigator's behavior under control of the subject matter 
A)  Guides experimental/clinical decisions; provides foundation for interpretations; motivates investigator curiosities 
B)  Motivates investigator curiosities; guides experimental/clinical decisions; brings the investigator's behavior under control of the subject matter 
C)  Guides experimental/clinical decisions; provides foundation for interpretations; brings the investigator's behavior under control of the subject matter 
D)  Provides foundation for interpretations; motivates investigator curiosities; brings the investigator's behavior under control of the subject matter

Question 17

Describe three different sources of behavioral variability.

Accepted Answer

A description of any three of the follow

Question 18

Researchers and practitioners examine behavioral variability using all of the following approaches, except:

Accepted Answer

A)  looking at the distribution of individual responses over time and across various stimulus conditions 
B)  summarizing measures of responding across individual sessions 
C)  comparing simultaneous but independent observations from two or more observers 
D)  summarizing the responding that occurs during each session into a single value 
A)  looking at the distribution of individual responses over time and across various stimulus conditions 
B)  summarizing measures of responding across individual sessions 
C)  comparing simultaneous but independent observations from two or more observers 
D)  summarizing the responding that occurs during each session into a single value

Question 19

The traditional assumption is that variability is ______ to the nature of organisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic 
B)  extrinsic 
C)  external 
D)  internal 
A)  intrinsic 
B)  extrinsic 
C)  external 
D)  internal

Question 20

________ variability refers to the differences in responding between participants.

Accepted Answer

A)  Intrasubject 
B)  Intraparticipant 
C)  Intersubject 
D)  Outerparticipant 
A)  Intrasubject 
B)  Intraparticipant 
C)  Intersubject 
D)  Outerparticipant

What are the two tactics that investigators use to deal with variability?

Variation in features of responding within a single response class as well as variations in the summary measures of that class is referred to as:

What are the methodological consequences of assuming that behavioral variability is extrinsic?

What are the three basic functions that variability serves for an investigator?

How does a between-groups research design impact variability?

In the most general sense, ______ is the subject matter of all sciences.

Why is it important to understand sources of behavioral variability and how to manage them?

The only source of variability whose impact is intentional is the ______.

What are three kinds of biological influences on variability in behavior?

What are the methodological consequences of assuming that behavioral variability is intrinsic?

An experiment that compares two different groups of subjects, one of which experiences the independent variable and the other of which does not experience the independent variable is a ______ design:

When examining behavioral variability, the greatest detail can be found by:

What does it mean to propose that variability in behavior is intrinsic?

Describe the most obvious source of variability in an investigation.

What are the three general functions served by behavioral variability?

Describe three different sources of behavioral variability.

Researchers and practitioners examine behavioral variability using all of the following approaches, except:

The traditional assumption is that variability is ______ to the nature of organisms.

________ variability refers to the differences in responding between participants.

Discovery in Research and Practice

Behavior As a Scientific and Practical Subject Matter

Asking Questions: What Do You Want to Know

Selecting and Defining Target Behaviors

Dimensions of Behavior and Units of Measurement

Observing and Recording

Behavior Analytic Assessment

Assessing Measurement

Steady States and Transitions

Designing Behavioral Comparisons

Single Baseline Designs

Multiple Baseline Designs

Graphical Analysis of Behavioral Data

Group Research Design and Statistical Analyses

Interpreting Research and Practical Projects

Behavior Analysis Research Methods

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Exam 9: Behavioral Variability

What are the two tactics that investigators use to deal with variability?

Variation in features of responding within a single response class as well as variations in the summary measures of that class is referred to as:

What are the methodological consequences of assuming that behavioral variability is extrinsic?

What are the three basic functions that variability serves for an investigator?

How does a between-groups research design impact variability?

In the most general sense, ______ is the subject matter of all sciences.

Why is it important to understand sources of behavioral variability and how to manage them?

The only source of variability whose impact is intentional is the ______.

What are three kinds of biological influences on variability in behavior?

What are the methodological consequences of assuming that behavioral variability is intrinsic?

An experiment that compares two different groups of subjects, one of which experiences the independent variable and the other of which does not experience the independent variable is a ______ design:

When examining behavioral variability, the greatest detail can be found by:

What does it mean to propose that variability in behavior is intrinsic?

Describe the most obvious source of variability in an investigation.

What are the three general functions served by behavioral variability?

Describe three different sources of behavioral variability.

Researchers and practitioners examine behavioral variability using all of the following approaches, except:

The traditional assumption is that variability is ______ to the nature of organisms.

________ variability refers to the differences in responding between participants.

Discovery in Research and Practice

Behavior As a Scientific and Practical Subject Matter

Asking Questions: What Do You Want to Know

Selecting and Defining Target Behaviors

Dimensions of Behavior and Units of Measurement

Observing and Recording

Behavior Analytic Assessment

Assessing Measurement

Steady States and Transitions

Designing Behavioral Comparisons

Single Baseline Designs

Multiple Baseline Designs

Graphical Analysis of Behavioral Data

Group Research Design and Statistical Analyses

Interpreting Research and Practical Projects

Behavior Analysis Research Methods

Filters