Question 1

Describe the fundamental core features of a single baseline, within-subject design.

Accepted Answer

These designs will have each participant serve as their own control and their behavior will be measured under repeated presentations of at least control and treatment conditions. The participant's performance will serve as the basis for conclusions about the effects of the intervention or treatment on responding. One participant is necessary for conclusions, but many published studies utilize within-subject design with multiple participants.

Question 2

A practitioner wants to demonstrate if reinforcing appropriate statements would reduce a client's disruptive talking (found to be maintained by attention). Describe how she could use a reversal design to evaluate her treatment empirically.

Accepted Answer

The practitioner would collect baseline levels of disruptive talking until steady state, and then implement the reinforcement program, and make sure that all other factors are constant except the addition of the treatment. After stable responding achieved, could then discontinue the treatment and continue measuring responding. All measurement conditions would remain the same throughout the evaluation. Data would be compared across conditions to determine any effects of the treatment.

Question 3

When discussing research designs, what are the assumptions we make?

Accepted Answer

We assume control and experimental conditions are the same except for the presence of the intervention or IV, that there is no problem with measurement procedures, that there are consistent differences in responding between conditions, and all aspects of investigations are experimentally sound.

Question 4

With regards to typical notations of within-subject designs, the B in an ABAB design stands for which condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treatment 1 
B)  Baseline 
C)  Treatment 2 
D)  Condition 2 
A)  Treatment 1 
B)  Baseline 
C)  Treatment 2 
D)  Condition 2

Question 5

Multi-element designs are also referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  parametric designs 
B)  alternating treatment designs 
C)  changing criterion designs 
D)  exploratory designs 
A)  parametric designs 
B)  alternating treatment designs 
C)  changing criterion designs 
D)  exploratory designs

Question 6

Generally, a(n) ______ research design requires a gradual increase in goal levels for the target behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  changing criterion 
B)  multi-element 
C)  ABA reversal 
D)  AB 
A)  changing criterion 
B)  multi-element 
C)  ABA reversal 
D)  AB

Question 7

A(n) ______ is the core of all within subject comparisons.

Accepted Answer

A)  reversal design 
B)  parametric 
C)  AB design 
D)  multi-element 
A)  reversal design 
B)  parametric 
C)  AB design 
D)  multi-element

Question 8

Corinne is a behavior analyst conducting research and she has found that edible reinforcers can be effective for increasing skills in young children with autism. She is interested in a follow-up study that compares different types of edible reinforcers with her previous participants and the impact of different edible reinforcers on participants' skill acquisition. Describe which single baseline within-subject design would be most appropriate for this experimental question and discuss
a) the features of the design you chose and
b) considerations Corinne should make specific to your chosen design.

Accepted Answer

The most appropriate design would be Mul

Question 9

In general, in the AB design, when comparing responding between a control and an intervention condition, what does the researcher or practitioner not know?

Accepted Answer

First, we do not know if any change in r

Question 10

With regards to typical notations of within-subject designs, the C in an ABCAB design stands for which condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treatment 1 
B)  Baseline 
C)  Treatment 2 
D)  Condition 2 
A)  Treatment 1 
B)  Baseline 
C)  Treatment 2 
D)  Condition 2

Question 11

The following data represent which type of design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reversal 
B)  Parametric 
C)  Changing Criterion 
D)  Multi-element 
A)  Reversal 
B)  Parametric 
C)  Changing Criterion 
D)  Multi-element

Question 12

Which two things must an investigator be confident about when deciding to use an alternating treatment design?

Accepted Answer

A multi-element design requires an inves

Question 13

Reversal designs are informative only when:

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple studies demonstrate that the responding is reliable. 
B)  responding between the different conditions falls within the same range. 
C)  responding reverts to the original baseline pattern after the intervention is withdrawn. 
D)  the participants have limited learning histories with the independent variable. 
A)  multiple studies demonstrate that the responding is reliable. 
B)  responding between the different conditions falls within the same range. 
C)  responding reverts to the original baseline pattern after the intervention is withdrawn. 
D)  the participants have limited learning histories with the independent variable.

Question 14

If an investigator wanted to compare the effects of different treatments for a single behavior of a single individual, which single baseline design would be recommended and why?

Accepted Answer

It would be recommended to use

Question 15

When using a reversal design, if responding does not reverse to the previous pattern of responding during the reversal, what can an investigator conclude?

Accepted Answer

When responding under a replicated basel

Question 16

How is an ABAB design not better than an AB design for making conclusions about an intervention?

Accepted Answer

Unfortunately, the ABAB reversal design

Question 17

A within-subject, single-baseline design that uses AB and reversal sequences to identify effects of manipulating a specific parameter of a procedure is called a(n) ______ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  AB 
B)  reversal 
C)  changing criterion 
D)  parametric 
A)  AB 
B)  reversal 
C)  changing criterion 
D)  parametric

Question 18

Each of the following terms are ways of referring to within-subject designs, except:

Accepted Answer

A)  N=2 designs 
B)  repeated measures designs 
C)  small N designs 
D)  single subject designs 
A)  N=2 designs 
B)  repeated measures designs 
C)  small N designs 
D)  single subject designs

Question 19

Within-subject designs emphasize the fact that each participant serves as his or her own _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  data collector 
B)  control 
C)  self 
D)  treatment monitor 
A)  data collector 
B)  control 
C)  self 
D)  treatment monitor

Question 20

What is the difference between a parametric design and a changing criterion design?

Accepted Answer

A changing criterion design is a within-

Describe the fundamental core features of a single baseline, within-subject design.

A practitioner wants to demonstrate if reinforcing appropriate statements would reduce a client's disruptive talking (found to be maintained by attention). Describe how she could use a reversal design to evaluate her treatment empirically.

When discussing research designs, what are the assumptions we make?

With regards to typical notations of within-subject designs, the B in an ABAB design stands for which condition?

Multi-element designs are also referred to as:

Generally, a(n) ______ research design requires a gradual increase in goal levels for the target behavior.

A(n) ______ is the core of all within subject comparisons.

In general, in the AB design, when comparing responding between a control and an intervention condition, what does the researcher or practitioner not know?

With regards to typical notations of within-subject designs, the C in an ABCAB design stands for which condition?

The following data represent which type of design?

Which two things must an investigator be confident about when deciding to use an alternating treatment design?

Reversal designs are informative only when:

If an investigator wanted to compare the effects of different treatments for a single behavior of a single individual, which single baseline design would be recommended and why?

When using a reversal design, if responding does not reverse to the previous pattern of responding during the reversal, what can an investigator conclude?

How is an ABAB design not better than an AB design for making conclusions about an intervention?

A within-subject, single-baseline design that uses AB and reversal sequences to identify effects of manipulating a specific parameter of a procedure is called a(n) ______ design.

Each of the following terms are ways of referring to within-subject designs, except:

Within-subject designs emphasize the fact that each participant serves as his or her own _____.

What is the difference between a parametric design and a changing criterion design?

Discovery in Research and Practice

Behavior As a Scientific and Practical Subject Matter

Asking Questions: What Do You Want to Know

Selecting and Defining Target Behaviors

Dimensions of Behavior and Units of Measurement

Observing and Recording

Behavior Analytic Assessment

Assessing Measurement

Behavioral Variability

Steady States and Transitions

Designing Behavioral Comparisons

Multiple Baseline Designs

Graphical Analysis of Behavioral Data

Group Research Design and Statistical Analyses

Interpreting Research and Practical Projects

Behavior Analysis Research Methods

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Exam 12: Single Baseline Designs

Describe the fundamental core features of a single baseline, within-subject design.

A practitioner wants to demonstrate if reinforcing appropriate statements would reduce a client's disruptive talking (found to be maintained by attention). Describe how she could use a reversal design to evaluate her treatment empirically.

When discussing research designs, what are the assumptions we make?

With regards to typical notations of within-subject designs, the B in an ABAB design stands for which condition?

Multi-element designs are also referred to as:

Generally, a(n) ______ research design requires a gradual increase in goal levels for the target behavior.

A(n) ______ is the core of all within subject comparisons.

In general, in the AB design, when comparing responding between a control and an intervention condition, what does the researcher or practitioner not know?

With regards to typical notations of within-subject designs, the C in an ABCAB design stands for which condition?

The following data represent which type of design?

Which two things must an investigator be confident about when deciding to use an alternating treatment design?

Reversal designs are informative only when:

If an investigator wanted to compare the effects of different treatments for a single behavior of a single individual, which single baseline design would be recommended and why?

When using a reversal design, if responding does not reverse to the previous pattern of responding during the reversal, what can an investigator conclude?

How is an ABAB design not better than an AB design for making conclusions about an intervention?

A within-subject, single-baseline design that uses AB and reversal sequences to identify effects of manipulating a specific parameter of a procedure is called a(n) ______ design.

Each of the following terms are ways of referring to within-subject designs, except:

Within-subject designs emphasize the fact that each participant serves as his or her own _____.

What is the difference between a parametric design and a changing criterion design?

Discovery in Research and Practice

Behavior As a Scientific and Practical Subject Matter

Asking Questions: What Do You Want to Know

Selecting and Defining Target Behaviors

Dimensions of Behavior and Units of Measurement

Observing and Recording

Behavior Analytic Assessment

Assessing Measurement

Behavioral Variability

Steady States and Transitions

Designing Behavioral Comparisons

Multiple Baseline Designs

Graphical Analysis of Behavioral Data

Group Research Design and Statistical Analyses

Interpreting Research and Practical Projects

Behavior Analysis Research Methods

Filters