Question 1

"Eureka moments" are most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  learned helplessness. 
B)  insight. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  cognitive restructuring. 
A)  learned helplessness. 
B)  insight. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  cognitive restructuring.

Question 2

The tendency of baby birds to recognize, bond with, and follow the first moving object they see is called

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation. 
B)  acquisition. 
C)  stimulus generation. 
D)  imprinting. 
A)  habituation. 
B)  acquisition. 
C)  stimulus generation. 
D)  imprinting.

Question 3

Suppose you drive the same route to school every day, passing the intersection of Main and Plum Streets. One afternoon, a car runs a red light at that intersection and hits your car. After that, every time you approach the intersection, your hands clutch the wheel and your heart beats faster. For you, the intersection has become

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditioned stimulus (US). 
B)  an unconditioned response (UR). 
C)  a reflexive stimulus (RS). 
D)  a conditioned stimulus (CS). 
A)  an unconditioned stimulus (US). 
B)  an unconditioned response (UR). 
C)  a reflexive stimulus (RS). 
D)  a conditioned stimulus (CS).

Question 4

Ever since Ryan was bitten by a gray cat, he cries when he sees any gray cat. One day, he sees a gray squirrel scamper across his front yard and he begins crying. Ryan's behavior illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  second-order conditioning. 
A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  second-order conditioning.

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the graph below.
   
In an experiment, rats were placed in a complex maze with several one-way doors so that a rat wandering around would eventually reach the goal box. When a rat reached the goal box, it was returned to its home cage. This was repeated for several days.
Rats were assigned to one of three groups:
• Group 1 was provided food in the goal box every day.
• Group 2 was provided food in the goal box beginning on the 11th day.
• Group 3 was never provided food in the goal box.
Researchers measured how many errors the rats made across trials on the way to the goal box. Results are shown in the graph.
-The purpose of this experiment was to determine if rats

Accepted Answer

A)  were more or less prone to learned helplessness over time. 
B)  were capable of learning even in the absence of reinforcement, such as food. 
C)  would learn their way around a maze more quickly over time. 
D)  learned more quickly with a fixed ratio or variable ratio reinforcement schedule. 
A)  were more or less prone to learned helplessness over time. 
B)  were capable of learning even in the absence of reinforcement, such as food. 
C)  would learn their way around a maze more quickly over time. 
D)  learned more quickly with a fixed ratio or variable ratio reinforcement schedule.

Question 6

Manuel notices that his siblings are praised for using good grammar so he attempts to use good grammar as well. This behavior is reflective of _______ learning.

Accepted Answer

observatio

Question 7

What would be Thorndike's response to the question: "What is the best way to predict the likelihood that an organism will repeatedly engage in a specific behavior?"

Accepted Answer

A)  An organism's behavior will generally mimic that of its closest genetic ancestor. 
B)  If a behavior helps the organism find a mate, the organism will engage in the behavior. 
C)  An organism will imitate the behavior it sees other organisms engaging in. 
D)  If a behavior provides pleasure, the organism will engage in the behavior. 
A)  An organism's behavior will generally mimic that of its closest genetic ancestor. 
B)  If a behavior helps the organism find a mate, the organism will engage in the behavior. 
C)  An organism will imitate the behavior it sees other organisms engaging in. 
D)  If a behavior provides pleasure, the organism will engage in the behavior.

Question 8

A researcher is keenly interested in recording observable behavior in her test subjects, but she has no interest in studying what goes on inside the subjects' brains to make them behave as they do. This researcher is apparently a proponent of the

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory adaptation theory. 
B)  cognitive perspective. 
C)  black box perspective. 
D)  social learning theory. 
A)  sensory adaptation theory. 
B)  cognitive perspective. 
C)  black box perspective. 
D)  social learning theory.

Question 9

The acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or understanding brought about by experience is called

Accepted Answer

A)  learning. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  memory enhancement. 
D)  habituation. 
A)  learning. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  memory enhancement. 
D)  habituation.

Question 10

A reinforcer is a consequence that _______ a behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinguishes 
B)  weakens 
C)  reverses 
D)  strengthens 
A)  extinguishes 
B)  weakens 
C)  reverses 
D)  strengthens

Question 11

Observational learning requires the presence of which of the following elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Above-average intelligence 
B)  A reinforcement schedule 
C)  Imitation 
D)  The threat of punishment 
A)  Above-average intelligence 
B)  A reinforcement schedule 
C)  Imitation 
D)  The threat of punishment

Question 12

Luther is deathly afraid of spiders. Yesterday he saw a scorpion and became very fearful. This is probably due to

Accepted Answer

A)  non-associative learning. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  stimulus generalization. 
D)  sensitization. 
A)  non-associative learning. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  stimulus generalization. 
D)  sensitization.

Question 13

Albert Bandura's Bobo doll studies found that

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure to aggressive models led to increased aggression in nursery school children. 
B)  children raised with little or no interaction with others become profoundly dysfunctional. 
C)  subjects on a fixed ratio schedule tend to slack off for a bit after each reinforcement. 
D)  some animals are predisposed to bond with the first object they see shortly after being born. 
A)  exposure to aggressive models led to increased aggression in nursery school children. 
B)  children raised with little or no interaction with others become profoundly dysfunctional. 
C)  subjects on a fixed ratio schedule tend to slack off for a bit after each reinforcement. 
D)  some animals are predisposed to bond with the first object they see shortly after being born.

Question 14

Bethany grows up in a home where her mother is unloving toward Bethany's father. She hears her mother insult her father, and she notices that her father rarely protests being treated this way. Based on the work of Bandura, what might we predict about Bethany's future relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  She will treat men well, because she knows how much her father was hurt by her mother. 
B)  She may treat men with disrespect, as she is apt to repeat her mother's behavior. 
C)  She is likely to spend her life alone because her parents taught her that relationships are unhappy. 
D)  She is unlikely to remember how her mother treated her father and will be unaffected by it. 
A)  She will treat men well, because she knows how much her father was hurt by her mother. 
B)  She may treat men with disrespect, as she is apt to repeat her mother's behavior. 
C)  She is likely to spend her life alone because her parents taught her that relationships are unhappy. 
D)  She is unlikely to remember how her mother treated her father and will be unaffected by it.

Question 15

Conditioned taste aversion appears to be an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  biological constraints on learning. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  the law of effect. 
A)  biological constraints on learning. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  the law of effect.

Question 16

Suppose you dislike washing dishes. One afternoon, you volunteer to cut the grass before washing the dishes. When you finish cutting the grass, you find that your father has done the dishes for you. Your father has

Accepted Answer

A)  positively reinforced you for cutting the grass. 
B)  established cutting the grass as a secondary reinforcer. 
C)  negatively reinforced you for cutting the grass. 
D)  positively punished you for cutting the grass. 
A)  positively reinforced you for cutting the grass. 
B)  established cutting the grass as a secondary reinforcer. 
C)  negatively reinforced you for cutting the grass. 
D)  positively punished you for cutting the grass.

Question 17

According to Albert Bandura, which criteria are met when a person emulates modeled behavior? Which of these steps most closely acts as a reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

Bandura believed that a person emulates

Question 18

Todd's parents promise him a reward of his choice if his GPA is above 3.0 for three consecutive semesters. A _______ reinforcement schedule is being used by Todd's parents.

Accepted Answer

A)  variable ratio 
B)  fixed ratio 
C)  fixed interval 
D)  continuous 
A)  variable ratio 
B)  fixed ratio 
C)  fixed interval 
D)  continuous

Question 19

Identify three forms of non-associative learning.

Accepted Answer

Three forms of non-a

Question 20

Young children playing tag in the park are engaged in

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  non-associative learning. 
D)  habituation. 
A)  social learning. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  non-associative learning. 
D)  habituation.

"Eureka moments" are most closely associated with

The tendency of baby birds to recognize, bond with, and follow the first moving object they see is called

Ever since Ryan was bitten by a gray cat, he cries when he sees any gray cat. One day, he sees a gray squirrel scamper across his front yard and he begins crying. Ryan's behavior illustrates

Manuel notices that his siblings are praised for using good grammar so he attempts to use good grammar as well. This behavior is reflective of _______ learning.

What would be Thorndike's response to the question: "What is the best way to predict the likelihood that an organism will repeatedly engage in a specific behavior?"

A researcher is keenly interested in recording observable behavior in her test subjects, but she has no interest in studying what goes on inside the subjects' brains to make them behave as they do. This researcher is apparently a proponent of the

The acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or understanding brought about by experience is called

A reinforcer is a consequence that _______ a behavior.

Observational learning requires the presence of which of the following elements?

Luther is deathly afraid of spiders. Yesterday he saw a scorpion and became very fearful. This is probably due to

Albert Bandura's Bobo doll studies found that

Bethany grows up in a home where her mother is unloving toward Bethany's father. She hears her mother insult her father, and she notices that her father rarely protests being treated this way. Based on the work of Bandura, what might we predict about Bethany's future relationships?

Conditioned taste aversion appears to be an example of

Suppose you dislike washing dishes. One afternoon, you volunteer to cut the grass before washing the dishes. When you finish cutting the grass, you find that your father has done the dishes for you. Your father has

According to Albert Bandura, which criteria are met when a person emulates modeled behavior? Which of these steps most closely acts as a reinforcer?

Todd's parents promise him a reward of his choice if his GPA is above 3.0 for three consecutive semesters. A _______ reinforcement schedule is being used by Todd's parents.

Identify three forms of non-associative learning.

Young children playing tag in the park are engaged in

Introduction: Principles of Psychology

Psychology As a Science

The Neuroscience of Behavior

Genes, Environment, and Behavior

Developmental Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Language and Cognition

Intelligence

Motivation and the Regulation of Behavior

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Personality

Social Psychology

Clinical Psychology

Filters

Exam 8: Learning

"Eureka moments" are most closely associated with

The tendency of baby birds to recognize, bond with, and follow the first moving object they see is called

Ever since Ryan was bitten by a gray cat, he cries when he sees any gray cat. One day, he sees a gray squirrel scamper across his front yard and he begins crying. Ryan's behavior illustrates

Manuel notices that his siblings are praised for using good grammar so he attempts to use good grammar as well. This behavior is reflective of _______ learning.

What would be Thorndike's response to the question: "What is the best way to predict the likelihood that an organism will repeatedly engage in a specific behavior?"

A researcher is keenly interested in recording observable behavior in her test subjects, but she has no interest in studying what goes on inside the subjects' brains to make them behave as they do. This researcher is apparently a proponent of the

The acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or understanding brought about by experience is called

A reinforcer is a consequence that _______ a behavior.

Observational learning requires the presence of which of the following elements?

Luther is deathly afraid of spiders. Yesterday he saw a scorpion and became very fearful. This is probably due to

Albert Bandura's Bobo doll studies found that

Bethany grows up in a home where her mother is unloving toward Bethany's father. She hears her mother insult her father, and she notices that her father rarely protests being treated this way. Based on the work of Bandura, what might we predict about Bethany's future relationships?

Conditioned taste aversion appears to be an example of

Suppose you dislike washing dishes. One afternoon, you volunteer to cut the grass before washing the dishes. When you finish cutting the grass, you find that your father has done the dishes for you. Your father has

According to Albert Bandura, which criteria are met when a person emulates modeled behavior? Which of these steps most closely acts as a reinforcer?

Todd's parents promise him a reward of his choice if his GPA is above 3.0 for three consecutive semesters. A _______ reinforcement schedule is being used by Todd's parents.

Identify three forms of non-associative learning.

Young children playing tag in the park are engaged in

Introduction: Principles of Psychology

Psychology As a Science

The Neuroscience of Behavior

Genes, Environment, and Behavior

Developmental Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Language and Cognition

Intelligence

Motivation and the Regulation of Behavior

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Personality

Social Psychology

Clinical Psychology

Filters