Question 1

Which of the following aspects of Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment posed the biggest ethical problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  The grouping of students into prisoners and guards. 
B)  The holding of students in a basement laboratory. 
C)  Only male college students were recruited. 
D)  Participants experienced extreme distress. 
A)  The grouping of students into prisoners and guards. 
B)  The holding of students in a basement laboratory. 
C)  Only male college students were recruited. 
D)  Participants experienced extreme distress. D

Question 2

The vast majority of animal research in the U.S. involves rodents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Ethical guidelines can vary from state to state, country to country, and differ around the world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Which if the following most closely represents the US Department of Health and Human Services' definition of research?

Accepted Answer

A)  A systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge 
B)  A focused examination of a set of questions, with the overall goals to expand human kind's knowledge of a particular topic area that may or may not have immediate and practical ramifications. 
C)  A broad set of questions set out to serve the betterment of society 
D)  A continuing expansion of knowledge through systematic experiments and testing to maximize efficiency in human behavior and output. 
A)  A systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge 
B)  A focused examination of a set of questions, with the overall goals to expand human kind's knowledge of a particular topic area that may or may not have immediate and practical ramifications. 
C)  A broad set of questions set out to serve the betterment of society 
D)  A continuing expansion of knowledge through systematic experiments and testing to maximize efficiency in human behavior and output.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)?

Accepted Answer

A)  They exist in every country that conducts research. 
B)  They are liable for the research they approve. 
C)  Their members must have obtained a doctorate. 
D)  They review all types of research, including research with children, special populations and animals. 
A)  They exist in every country that conducts research. 
B)  They are liable for the research they approve. 
C)  Their members must have obtained a doctorate. 
D)  They review all types of research, including research with children, special populations and animals.

Question 6

Mission creep is one of the reasons why some researchers are calling for IRB reform.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethics in psychology is well established and incontestable. 
B)  Ethical practices are guidelines that can be violated upon the researcher's own discretion. 
C)  Ethical standards exist mainly to protect researchers from lawsuits. 
D)  Researchers should go above and beyond the minimum regulatory requirements dictated by federal and state law to uphold ethical standards. 
A)  Ethics in psychology is well established and incontestable. 
B)  Ethical practices are guidelines that can be violated upon the researcher's own discretion. 
C)  Ethical standards exist mainly to protect researchers from lawsuits. 
D)  Researchers should go above and beyond the minimum regulatory requirements dictated by federal and state law to uphold ethical standards.

Question 8

The IRB is a national institution that governs all research in America.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Kid Nation is a television program in which 40 children aged 8 to 15 were placed in a privately owned town in New Mexico and left to design their own society and governance without the aid of adults. If this program were instead a study subjected to ethical review, which of the following APA ethical guidelines would it most be in danger of violating, with regard to the participants' wellbeing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beneficence and nonmaleficence 
B)  Fidelity and responsibility 
C)  Integrity 
D)  Justice 
A)  Beneficence and nonmaleficence 
B)  Fidelity and responsibility 
C)  Integrity 
D)  Justice

Question 10

Which one of the following descriptions of ethics in research is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  What can be considered ethical or unethical is generally very clear-cut and straightforward. 
B)  Even by abiding to the law, your actions can be unethical. 
C)  Although ethics training is highly recommended at all universities within the United States, only about half require it. 
D)  The ethical standards of scientific research on human subjects have not really changed in the last hundred years. 
A)  What can be considered ethical or unethical is generally very clear-cut and straightforward. 
B)  Even by abiding to the law, your actions can be unethical. 
C)  Although ethics training is highly recommended at all universities within the United States, only about half require it. 
D)  The ethical standards of scientific research on human subjects have not really changed in the last hundred years.

Question 11

The IRB is legally liable for the research they decide to approve.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

According to your textbook, which one of the following is the least likely to be issued as a reform in the IRB based on what was discussed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Removing altogether the use of standard written and signed informed consent forms to ones of just oral consent. 
B)  Having a single IRB in charge of multi-site studies instead of requiring each site to have its own protocol. 
C)  Removing the requirement of IRB oversight in adult survey studies that involve minimal risk. 
D)  Creation of more standardized guidelines for what the IRB should and should not be responsible for. 
A)  Removing altogether the use of standard written and signed informed consent forms to ones of just oral consent. 
B)  Having a single IRB in charge of multi-site studies instead of requiring each site to have its own protocol. 
C)  Removing the requirement of IRB oversight in adult survey studies that involve minimal risk. 
D)  Creation of more standardized guidelines for what the IRB should and should not be responsible for.

Question 13

The onus for maintaining the bond of trust between the researcher and society lies on…

Accepted Answer

A)  the researcher. 
B)  federal and state regulatory boards. 
C)  the university or company where the researcher works. 
D)  both the researcher and society. 
A)  the researcher. 
B)  federal and state regulatory boards. 
C)  the university or company where the researcher works. 
D)  both the researcher and society.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a general principle included in the Belmont Report?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respect for persons, which dictates that researchers protect the autonomy of participants, obtain their informed consent, and treat them with courtesy. 
B)  Beneficence, which reinforces researchers' obligation to do no harm and at the same time to maximize the study's potential benefits. 
C)  Justice, which calls for the fair administration of carefully considered procedures and non-exploitative selection of participants, so that people of all races, ethnicities and incomes can benefit from research. 
D)  Equity, which calls for fair and sufficient compensation of participants' time and resources spent on undergoing the study. 
A)  Respect for persons, which dictates that researchers protect the autonomy of participants, obtain their informed consent, and treat them with courtesy. 
B)  Beneficence, which reinforces researchers' obligation to do no harm and at the same time to maximize the study's potential benefits. 
C)  Justice, which calls for the fair administration of carefully considered procedures and non-exploitative selection of participants, so that people of all races, ethnicities and incomes can benefit from research. 
D)  Equity, which calls for fair and sufficient compensation of participants' time and resources spent on undergoing the study.

Question 15

One of the most important outcomes of the Declaration of Helsinki was that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Informed consent was more properly developed for clinical vs. non-clinical research programs. 
B)  Proper guidelines for research involving animals and their proper treatment were explicitly stated. 
C)  Proper guidelines for research involving minors and their proper treatment were explicitly stated. 
D)  A committee distinguished more clearly the distinction between therapeutic and nontherapeutic clinical studies. 
A)  Informed consent was more properly developed for clinical vs. non-clinical research programs. 
B)  Proper guidelines for research involving animals and their proper treatment were explicitly stated. 
C)  Proper guidelines for research involving minors and their proper treatment were explicitly stated. 
D)  A committee distinguished more clearly the distinction between therapeutic and nontherapeutic clinical studies.

Question 16

Milgram's study of obedience was ethically questionable as it potentially inflicted large amounts of distress and harm to the participant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following options best describes a major ethical concern arising from the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only men were selected for the study. 
B)  Some of the study participants were under-aged. 
C)  Known effective treatment was withheld from the participants. 
D)  The participants were told a cover story about the study. 
A)  Only men were selected for the study. 
B)  Some of the study participants were under-aged. 
C)  Known effective treatment was withheld from the participants. 
D)  The participants were told a cover story about the study.

Question 18

When conducting collaborative research, it is always the case that only one of the institutions involved needs to file a protocol with the IRB.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Researchers are not responsible for maintaining trust between themselves and society; theirs institutions are.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following best describes "mission creep"?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the IRB oversees issues unrelated to the protection of human rights. 
B)  When psychologists conduct research that does not involve human behavior. 
C)  When the U.S. government sets regulations for experiments conducted at private universities. 
D)  When ethical guidelines from the U.S.A are imposed upon a foreign society in cross-cultural research. 
A)  When the IRB oversees issues unrelated to the protection of human rights. 
B)  When psychologists conduct research that does not involve human behavior. 
C)  When the U.S. government sets regulations for experiments conducted at private universities. 
D)  When ethical guidelines from the U.S.A are imposed upon a foreign society in cross-cultural research.

Which of the following aspects of Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment posed the biggest ethical problem?

The vast majority of animal research in the U.S. involves rodents.

Ethical guidelines can vary from state to state, country to country, and differ around the world.

Which if the following most closely represents the US Department of Health and Human Services' definition of research?

Which of the following is true of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)?

Mission creep is one of the reasons why some researchers are calling for IRB reform.

Which of the following is true?

The IRB is a national institution that governs all research in America.

Which one of the following descriptions of ethics in research is most accurate?

The IRB is legally liable for the research they decide to approve.

According to your textbook, which one of the following is the least likely to be issued as a reform in the IRB based on what was discussed?

The onus for maintaining the bond of trust between the researcher and society lies on…

Which of the following is not a general principle included in the Belmont Report?

One of the most important outcomes of the Declaration of Helsinki was that:

Milgram's study of obedience was ethically questionable as it potentially inflicted large amounts of distress and harm to the participant.

Which of the following options best describes a major ethical concern arising from the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?

When conducting collaborative research, it is always the case that only one of the institutions involved needs to file a protocol with the IRB.

Researchers are not responsible for maintaining trust between themselves and society; theirs institutions are.

Which of the following best describes "mission creep"?

Introduction to Research Methods

Negotiating the Institutional Review Board Process

Starting Your Research

Focusing Your Question and Choosing a Design

Developing Your Research Protocol

Survey and Interview Approaches

Experimental Designs

Variations on Experimental Designs

Observation, Case Studies, Archival Research, and Meta-Analysis

Neuroscience Methods

Research Over Age and Time

Analyzing Your Data I: an Overview

Analyzing Your Data II: Specific Approaches

Writing up Your Results

Publishing Your Research

Filters

Exam 2: The Ethical Imperative

Which of the following aspects of Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment posed the biggest ethical problem?

The vast majority of animal research in the U.S. involves rodents.

Ethical guidelines can vary from state to state, country to country, and differ around the world.

Which if the following most closely represents the US Department of Health and Human Services' definition of research?

Which of the following is true of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)?

Mission creep is one of the reasons why some researchers are calling for IRB reform.

Which of the following is true?

The IRB is a national institution that governs all research in America.

Which one of the following descriptions of ethics in research is most accurate?

The IRB is legally liable for the research they decide to approve.

According to your textbook, which one of the following is the least likely to be issued as a reform in the IRB based on what was discussed?

The onus for maintaining the bond of trust between the researcher and society lies on…

Which of the following is not a general principle included in the Belmont Report?

One of the most important outcomes of the Declaration of Helsinki was that:

Milgram's study of obedience was ethically questionable as it potentially inflicted large amounts of distress and harm to the participant.

Which of the following options best describes a major ethical concern arising from the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?

When conducting collaborative research, it is always the case that only one of the institutions involved needs to file a protocol with the IRB.

Researchers are not responsible for maintaining trust between themselves and society; theirs institutions are.

Which of the following best describes "mission creep"?

Introduction to Research Methods

Negotiating the Institutional Review Board Process

Starting Your Research

Focusing Your Question and Choosing a Design

Developing Your Research Protocol

Survey and Interview Approaches

Experimental Designs

Variations on Experimental Designs

Observation, Case Studies, Archival Research, and Meta-Analysis

Neuroscience Methods

Research Over Age and Time

Analyzing Your Data I: an Overview

Analyzing Your Data II: Specific Approaches

Writing up Your Results

Publishing Your Research

Filters