Exam 3: Perceiving Individuals

Research shows that polygraph tests can accurately detect when someone is lying.

Maria has spent a lot of time deliberating about where to go to school. She has considered costs, living arrangements, and majors. Given her thorough, effortful consideration of this issue, it is clear that Maria is engaging in superficial processing.

In a study by Gilbert et al. (1988), participants watched a video of a female behaving in a nervous and anxious manner. In which condition were participants more likely to engage in discounting?

When a perceiver revises his or her initial belief about the cause of a behavior because there is another viable cause, the perceiver has engaged in __________ .

The self-fulfilling prophecy can be reduced by "considering the opposite."

Janine just offered to babysit her favorite teacher's one-year old daughter. According to Harold Kelley (1967), which of the following factors offers the best explanation for Janine's helpful behavior?

Sandra is a beautiful woman. Research shows that others might have which of the following kind of expectations about Sandra based on her physical appearance?

One way that people communicate without words is through nonverbal communication. Briefly describe 3 forms of nonverbal communication. Next, if you are traveling to a country where you don't speak the language, which nonverbal cues could you use to communicate with the people from this country?

According to Kelley's covariation model, people are most likely to attribute behavior to something about the actor when consensus and distinctiveness are low, but consistency is high.

The study by Ambady and Rosenthal (1993), in which participants watched brief clips of teachers giving a class lecture, showed which of the following?

Perceivers are able to change their correspondent inferences if another viable cause of the behavior becomes apparent.

Being accurate is the only motive that drives people to spend time thinking about and processing information about others.

When Jason first met Susan, he thought she was a manipulative person. According to the primacy effect, how will Jason's impression of Susan be impacted after several encounters in which Jason sees Susan behave in a kind way?

People can form accurate impressions of another person after viewing their living space, even if they've never met them in person.

Correspondent inferences are often a result of _______ processing, whereas forming an impression based on a consideration of a wide range of information is often a result of _______processing.

Lee Ross and his colleagues (1984) asked participants to observe the performance of a decision maker who either performed quite well or poorly on a task. The participants then learned that the performance feedback was randomly determined and had no relationship to the decision maker's actual performance. The results showed that participants' impressions of the decision maker's ability were:

The self-fulfilling prophecy only occurs when perceivers are aware of the expectations they hold about another person.

You've heard that members of a certain sorority are rude. Describe how the self-fulfilling prophesy may influence your interactions with a member of this sorority.

According to research, who is likely to make the most money at his/her job?

When forming a first impression, people are influenced more by positive information than by negative information.