Question 1

Montessori schools

Accepted Answer

A)  include multiage classrooms and teaching materials specially designed to promote exploration and discovery. 
B)  undermine young children's motivation and emotional well-being. 
C)  emphasize formal academic training and deemphasize social development. 
D)  include repetition and drill by teachers who structure children's learning. 
A)  include multiage classrooms and teaching materials specially designed to promote exploration and discovery. 
B)  undermine young children's motivation and emotional well-being. 
C)  emphasize formal academic training and deemphasize social development. 
D)  include repetition and drill by teachers who structure children's learning.

Question 2

Research on pragmatics shows that by age 2, most children

Accepted Answer

A)  adjust their speech to fit the age, sex, and social status of their listeners. 
B)  take turns in face-to-face interactions and respond appropriately. 
C)  are able to maintain a topic over long periods of time. 
D)  adapt their language to social expectations. 
A)  adjust their speech to fit the age, sex, and social status of their listeners. 
B)  take turns in face-to-face interactions and respond appropriately. 
C)  are able to maintain a topic over long periods of time. 
D)  adapt their language to social expectations.

Question 3

Scripts

Accepted Answer

A)  clutter long-term memory with irrelevant information. 
B)  help children organize, interpret, and predict everyday experiences. 
C)  hinder memory for events that are highly distinctive. 
D)  facilitate recall of specific instances of repeated experiences. 
A)  clutter long-term memory with irrelevant information. 
B)  help children organize, interpret, and predict everyday experiences. 
C)  hinder memory for events that are highly distinctive. 
D)  facilitate recall of specific instances of repeated experiences.

Question 4

Research shows that young children use private speech

Accepted Answer

A)  because they have difficulty with perspective taking. 
B)  when they are engaged in cooperative dialogues. 
C)  when tasks are appropriately challenging. 
D)  when they cannot find a conversational partner. 
A)  because they have difficulty with perspective taking. 
B)  when they are engaged in cooperative dialogues. 
C)  when tasks are appropriately challenging. 
D)  when they cannot find a conversational partner.

Question 5

As Sunni plays, she says: "Where's the cup? I want the cup. Oh, there it is. Now, I need the spoon." Sunni is engaging in what researchers now call __________ speech.

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentric 
B)  private 
C)  inner 
D)  social 
A)  egocentric 
B)  private 
C)  inner 
D)  social

Question 6

Children who create imaginary companions tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  be maladjusted. 
B)  have problems maintaining friendships. 
C)  be more sociable with peers. 
D)  be only children. 
A)  be maladjusted. 
B)  have problems maintaining friendships. 
C)  be more sociable with peers. 
D)  be only children.

Question 7

Compared with typically developing children, children with autism

Accepted Answer

A)  more often engage in social referencing. 
B)  are better at distinguishing facial expressions. 
C)  more often imitate an adult's novel behaviors. 
D)  rarely use mental-state words such as think, feel, and know. 
A)  more often engage in social referencing. 
B)  are better at distinguishing facial expressions. 
C)  more often imitate an adult's novel behaviors. 
D)  rarely use mental-state words such as think, feel, and know.

Question 8

In Mr. Naffie's Vygotskian classroom, he guides children's learning with explanations, demonstrations, and verbal prompts, tailoring his interventions to each child's zone of proximal development. This is an example of the Vygotskian principle of

Accepted Answer

A)  peer collaboration. 
B)  discovery learning. 
C)  independent exploration. 
D)  assisted discovery. 
A)  peer collaboration. 
B)  discovery learning. 
C)  independent exploration. 
D)  assisted discovery.

Question 9

Some neo-Piagetian theorists combine Piaget's stage approach with the __________ emphasis on task-specific changes.

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological systems 
B)  information-processing 
C)  dynamic systems 
D)  Vygotskian 
A)  ecological systems 
B)  information-processing 
C)  dynamic systems 
D)  Vygotskian

Question 10

When Moses says, "My ball is a circle," his father relies, "Yes, your basketball is round, just like a circle." Moses's father's response is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  fast-mapping. 
B)  a recast. 
C)  an overregularization. 
D)  an expansion. 
A)  fast-mapping. 
B)  a recast. 
C)  an overregularization. 
D)  an expansion.

Question 11

Evidence that logical operations develop gradually and that preschoolers can be trained to perform well on Piagetian tasks pose a serious challenge to Piaget's

Accepted Answer

A)  stage concept. 
B)  views of animistic thinking. 
C)  three-mountains problem. 
D)  concept of egocentrism. 
A)  stage concept. 
B)  views of animistic thinking. 
C)  three-mountains problem. 
D)  concept of egocentrism.

Question 12

__________ child care is more strongly associated with cognitive gains than are other child-care arrangements.

Accepted Answer

A)  Center-based 
B)  Home-based 
C)  Academic-centered 
D)  Family-run 
A)  Center-based 
B)  Home-based 
C)  Academic-centered 
D)  Family-run

Question 13

Four-year-old Paytin is shown a plate of cookies. She is told that there are 10 cookies on the plate. She watches as several cookies are added to or removed from the plate. Paytin's sensible prediction as to how many cookies are left on the plate displays her understanding of

Accepted Answer

A)  ordinality. 
B)  estimation. 
C)  cardinality. 
D)  functionality. 
A)  ordinality. 
B)  estimation. 
C)  cardinality. 
D)  functionality.

Question 14

Explain what Piaget's famous conservation tasks reveal about preoperational children's thinking.

Accepted Answer

Conservation refers to the idea that cer

Question 15

An early childhood math curriculum called __________ uses materials that promote math concepts and skills through three types of media: computers, manipulatives, and print.

Accepted Answer

A)  Helping Our Math Evolve (HOM
E)  
B)  Mini Mathletes 
C)  Little Einsteins 
D)  Building Blocks 
A)  Helping Our Math Evolve (HOM
E)  
B)  Mini Mathletes 
C)  Little Einsteins 
D)  Building Blocks

Question 16

Children acquire vocabulary so efficiently and accurately that some theorists believe that

Accepted Answer

A)  principles such as mutual exclusivity bias have no bearing on language development. 
B)  it is governed by different cognitive strategies than those applied to nonlinguistic information. 
C)  children reject a coalition of perceptual, social, and linguistic cues in favor of rote learning. 
D)  they are innately biased to induce word meanings using certain principles. 
A)  principles such as mutual exclusivity bias have no bearing on language development. 
B)  it is governed by different cognitive strategies than those applied to nonlinguistic information. 
C)  children reject a coalition of perceptual, social, and linguistic cues in favor of rote learning. 
D)  they are innately biased to induce word meanings using certain principles.

Question 17

A Piagetian classroom that emphasizes discovery learning would probably include

Accepted Answer

A)  explicit verbal teaching of ready-made information. 
B)  a rich variety of activities designed to promote exploration and discovery. 
C)  introduction of new skills according to normative standards of readiness. 
D)  progress evaluation on the basis of average performance of same-age peers. 
A)  explicit verbal teaching of ready-made information. 
B)  a rich variety of activities designed to promote exploration and discovery. 
C)  introduction of new skills according to normative standards of readiness. 
D)  progress evaluation on the basis of average performance of same-age peers.

Question 18

Barbara Rogoff suggests the term __________ to encompass children's diverse opportunities to learn through involvement with others, applying it as a broader concept than __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperative learning; peer collaboration 
B)  intersubjectivity; cooperative learning 
C)  guided participation; scaffolding 
D)  scaffolding; a zone of proximal development 
A)  cooperative learning; peer collaboration 
B)  intersubjectivity; cooperative learning 
C)  guided participation; scaffolding 
D)  scaffolding; a zone of proximal development

Question 19

Jay introduced a new ball to his 2-year-old daughter, Kandi. He said, "I'm throwing the wiffle ball to you!" He then threw the new ball to Kandi. Kandi said, "Catch, wiffle, catch!" Kandi's connection of the term "wiffle" to the ball is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  overregularization. 
B)  syntactic bootstrapping. 
C)  fast-mapping. 
D)  semantic bootstrapping. 
A)  overregularization. 
B)  syntactic bootstrapping. 
C)  fast-mapping. 
D)  semantic bootstrapping.

Question 20

Which of the following is the best method of helping children appreciate dual representation?

Accepted Answer

A)  allowing children to explore and draw conclusions themselves 
B)  exposing children to diverse symbols, such as picture books and maps 
C)  encouraging children to engage in make-believe play with realistic props 
D)  arranging for children to spend more time with more expert peers 
A)  allowing children to explore and draw conclusions themselves 
B)  exposing children to diverse symbols, such as picture books and maps 
C)  encouraging children to engage in make-believe play with realistic props 
D)  arranging for children to spend more time with more expert peers

Montessori schools

Research on pragmatics shows that by age 2, most children

Scripts

Research shows that young children use private speech

As Sunni plays, she says: "Where's the cup? I want the cup. Oh, there it is. Now, I need the spoon." Sunni is engaging in what researchers now call __________ speech.

Children who create imaginary companions tend to

Compared with typically developing children, children with autism

In Mr. Naffie's Vygotskian classroom, he guides children's learning with explanations, demonstrations, and verbal prompts, tailoring his interventions to each child's zone of proximal development. This is an example of the Vygotskian principle of

Some neo-Piagetian theorists combine Piaget's stage approach with the __________ emphasis on task-specific changes.

When Moses says, "My ball is a circle," his father relies, "Yes, your basketball is round, just like a circle." Moses's father's response is an example of

Evidence that logical operations develop gradually and that preschoolers can be trained to perform well on Piagetian tasks pose a serious challenge to Piaget's

__________ child care is more strongly associated with cognitive gains than are other child-care arrangements.

Four-year-old Paytin is shown a plate of cookies. She is told that there are 10 cookies on the plate. She watches as several cookies are added to or removed from the plate. Paytin's sensible prediction as to how many cookies are left on the plate displays her understanding of

Explain what Piaget's famous conservation tasks reveal about preoperational children's thinking.

An early childhood math curriculum called __________ uses materials that promote math concepts and skills through three types of media: computers, manipulatives, and print.

Children acquire vocabulary so efficiently and accurately that some theorists believe that

A Piagetian classroom that emphasizes discovery learning would probably include

Barbara Rogoff suggests the term to encompass children's diverse opportunities to learn through involvement with others, applying it as a broader concept than .

Jay introduced a new ball to his 2-year-old daughter, Kandi. He said, "I'm throwing the wiffle ball to you!" He then threw the new ball to Kandi. Kandi said, "Catch, wiffle, catch!" Kandi's connection of the term "wiffle" to the ball is an example of

Which of the following is the best method of helping children appreciate dual representation?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Exam 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Montessori schools

Research on pragmatics shows that by age 2, most children

Scripts

Research shows that young children use private speech

As Sunni plays, she says: "Where's the cup? I want the cup. Oh, there it is. Now, I need the spoon." Sunni is engaging in what researchers now call __________ speech.

Children who create imaginary companions tend to

Compared with typically developing children, children with autism

In Mr. Naffie's Vygotskian classroom, he guides children's learning with explanations, demonstrations, and verbal prompts, tailoring his interventions to each child's zone of proximal development. This is an example of the Vygotskian principle of

Some neo-Piagetian theorists combine Piaget's stage approach with the __________ emphasis on task-specific changes.

When Moses says, "My ball is a circle," his father relies, "Yes, your basketball is round, just like a circle." Moses's father's response is an example of

Evidence that logical operations develop gradually and that preschoolers can be trained to perform well on Piagetian tasks pose a serious challenge to Piaget's

__________ child care is more strongly associated with cognitive gains than are other child-care arrangements.

Four-year-old Paytin is shown a plate of cookies. She is told that there are 10 cookies on the plate. She watches as several cookies are added to or removed from the plate. Paytin's sensible prediction as to how many cookies are left on the plate displays her understanding of

Explain what Piaget's famous conservation tasks reveal about preoperational children's thinking.

An early childhood math curriculum called __________ uses materials that promote math concepts and skills through three types of media: computers, manipulatives, and print.

Children acquire vocabulary so efficiently and accurately that some theorists believe that

A Piagetian classroom that emphasizes discovery learning would probably include

Barbara Rogoff suggests the term __________ to encompass children's diverse opportunities to learn through involvement with others, applying it as a broader concept than __________.

Jay introduced a new ball to his 2-year-old daughter, Kandi. He said, "I'm throwing the wiffle ball to you!" He then threw the new ball to Kandi. Kandi said, "Catch, wiffle, catch!" Kandi's connection of the term "wiffle" to the ball is an example of

Which of the following is the best method of helping children appreciate dual representation?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Barbara Rogoff suggests the term to encompass children's diverse opportunities to learn through involvement with others, applying it as a broader concept than .