Exam 2: Starting to Apply Statistics, and Quantitative Analysis

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Briefly explain what pivot tables can be used for and how they can be employed in PR.

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Pivot tables can be used to refine and develop insights into data files. By using pivot tables to quickly arrange and rearrange data, you can often develop views that were not obvious or clear by reviewing a spread sheet alone. Pivot tables can be used to categorize data and make comparisons without laborious refining of data.

What is another way to explain MOE (when describing a survey)?

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MOE or margin of error can be described as the likelihood that the results will be the same if the survey is repeated with a similar group of respondents. Or the margin of error can be described as the chance or percentage that the results could have happened by mistake or by coincidence.

What are the fundamental characteristics of a well-defined decision problem?

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A well-defined decision problem is action oriented. It articulates what the business needs to do or accomplish. It embodies the objectives of the firm. A well-defined decision problem involves establishing of goals and guides the steps that follow to include defining tasks, searching for alternatives, and developing plans to find the best answer for the decision problem.

Make an appointment and hold a meeting with a business owner located on or near the university/college campus. Hold discussions with the decision maker. Conduct secondary research to identify the environmental context of issues facing the decision maker. Can you identify a decision problem and research problem that could be effectively addressed for the business?

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Social media can look like a PR person's ideal tool. It's simple to spread the word on the various social media sites. In fact, many of these link to each other so that a message appearing on one appears on the others. What's difficult is measuring the impact of using social media. For example, Facebook users often object to advertising and PR messages that appear on their personal pages. PR messages may be dismissed and ignored. As a small-business owner, you face the challenge of crafting your PR messages in ways that social media users will welcome. In addition, a small-business owner must survey customers to see if they found out about the business through social media or by other means. Create an outline of activities that you would suggest to the client.

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The 2017 Edelman Trust Barometer measures attitudes about the state of trust in business, government, non-government organizations (NGO) and media across 25 countries. The 2017 Edelman Trust Barometer reveals that trust is in crisis around the world. The general population's trust in four key institutions; business, non-government organizations (NGO), government, and media has declined broadly. With the fall of trust, the majority of respondents now lack full belief that the overall system is working for them. If you were working on a PR team for a government agency, how would you create a research program to see if your client's reputation needs work and reflects the Edelman Study?

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A well- known and respected celebrity on a current prime time television hit series was reported to have been involved with sexual misconduct by several aspiring actors seeking mentorship. In exchange for career advancement, the celebrity is accused of "unwanted sexual advances," "lewd phone calls" and "groping" by the mentees. The celebrity's reputation and brand are severely damaged. What is the decision problem and associated research problem? Students may have variations, and this is offered as one potential solution:

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Given the following decision problems, identify a broad research problem/question and at least one hypothesis for the research question.

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Which is more likely to follow a Normal distribution curve: the test results of a class in introductory biology or the test results of all freshmen taking introduc? tory biology at a large university? Why?

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Why is it valuable to use statistics when you have collected answers to hundreds of questionnaires from a group of people who fit your target audience profile? What is the first step after you have collected all the data?

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Explain why research should be among the vital elements of a PR campaign or program. What kinds of information can come from a formal research program and how might they be used?

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What actions are key when preparing a spreadsheet for use as the data source for a pivot table report?

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Go to the Census Bureau website (www.census.gov) and search for a topic or topics that interest you or you think are important social issues. Write a paper on what you find or what you think should be there but is not. The Census Bureau can be a powerful learning tool if students approach it with specific questions. It

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Explain why it is important to define the audience before starting to create communications materials. How can you start to define the audience or audiences?

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What are some ways to gather information about target audiences? Which are most robust and timely? Which are least expensive and take the least amount of time?

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Why are the Central Limits Theorem and its corollary, Normal distributions, important in statistical inquiries?

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What elements of a target audience can be used for a PR program supporting a new brand of clothing? How about a new car, in particular, a new car brand?

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