Question 1

After forgetting the birthday of your friend, your friend refuses to talk to you. Your friend is delivering a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  cold shoulder 
B)  additive reward 
C) subtractive cost 
D)  additive cost 
E)  subtractive reward 
A)  cold shoulder 
B)  additive reward 
C) subtractive cost 
D)  additive cost 
E)  subtractive reward C

Question 2

A punishment or cost is a stimulus that

Accepted Answer

A)  is unpleasant 
B) decreases the probability of behavior 
C)  is pleasant 
D)  is delivered by authority figures (e.g., police) 
E)  comes before the behavior 
A)  is unpleasant 
B) decreases the probability of behavior 
C)  is pleasant 
D)  is delivered by authority figures (e.g., police) 
E)  comes before the behavior B

Question 3

Differential association theory views criminal behavior as the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  class inequalities 
B)  official processing 
C) learning 
D)  poverty 
E)  both a and b 
A)  class inequalities 
B)  official processing 
C) learning 
D)  poverty 
E)  both a and b C

Question 4

Mainstream, traditional theories of criminology have predicted

Accepted Answer

A) an inverse relationship between class and crime 
B)  that crime is prevalent among all social classes 
C)  high crime rates among the uneducated 
D)  low crime rates for the disadvantaged 
E)  high crime rates for very specific ethnic groups 
A) an inverse relationship between class and crime 
B)  that crime is prevalent among all social classes 
C)  high crime rates among the uneducated 
D)  low crime rates for the disadvantaged 
E)  high crime rates for very specific ethnic groups

Question 5

The term "schedules of reinforcement" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the source of reward 
B)  additive rewards 
C)  subtractive rewards 
D)  social rewards 
E) density of rewards 
A)  the source of reward 
B)  additive rewards 
C)  subtractive rewards 
D)  social rewards 
E) density of rewards

Question 6

When a child feels guilty for stealing, the source of the cost is

Accepted Answer

A) personal 
B)  nonmediated 
C)  automatic 
D)  interpersonal 
E)  primary 
A) personal 
B)  nonmediated 
C)  automatic 
D)  interpersonal 
E)  primary

Question 7

A subtractive cost ___________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  has no effect on 
B) decreases 
C)  increases 
D)  inhibits 
E)  interferes with 
A)  has no effect on 
B) decreases 
C)  increases 
D)  inhibits 
E)  interferes with

Question 8

A subtractive reward ___________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  has no effect on 
B)  decreases 
C) increases 
D)  inhibits 
E)  interferes with 
A)  has no effect on 
B)  decreases 
C) increases 
D)  inhibits 
E)  interferes with

Question 9

Feeling euphoric after injecting heroin is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  interpersonal reward 
B)  personally mediated reward 
C)  sin 
D) nonmediated reward 
E)  subtractive reward 
A)  interpersonal reward 
B)  personally mediated reward 
C)  sin 
D) nonmediated reward 
E)  subtractive reward

Question 10

Hirschi's theory deals with

Accepted Answer

A)  limited opportunities 
B) the nature of an individual's ties to society 
C)  a biochemical imbalance 
D)  subcultures 
E)  the rewards for crime 
A)  limited opportunities 
B) the nature of an individual's ties to society 
C)  a biochemical imbalance 
D)  subcultures 
E)  the rewards for crime

Question 11

According to limited opportunity theory, the mode of adaptation that explains criminal behavior is

Accepted Answer

A)  rebellion 
B)  retreatism 
C)  conformity 
D) innovation 
E)  ritualism 
A)  rebellion 
B)  retreatism 
C)  conformity 
D) innovation 
E)  ritualism

Question 12

Reckless's (1967) containment theory emphasizes the following as a buffer from a criminogenic environment:

Accepted Answer

A) self-factor 
B)  attachment to criminal others 
C)  personal mobility 
D)  employed parents 
E)  adoption of techniques of neutralization 
A) self-factor 
B)  attachment to criminal others 
C)  personal mobility 
D)  employed parents 
E)  adoption of techniques of neutralization

Question 13

According to the text, one of the major "myths" of mainstream criminology has been that

Accepted Answer

A)  individual differences are important 
B)  biology is more important than psychology 
C)  biological factors are more important than SES 
D) political-social factors are at the root of crime 
E)  there are no real criminals 
A)  individual differences are important 
B)  biology is more important than psychology 
C)  biological factors are more important than SES 
D) political-social factors are at the root of crime 
E)  there are no real criminals

Question 14

Learning to rationalize breaking the law

Accepted Answer

A)  is inadvertently encouraged by society 
B)  helps to avoid punishment 
C)  provides a motive for criminal behavior 
D)  allows the individual to control his or her own behavior 
E) all of the above 
A)  is inadvertently encouraged by society 
B)  helps to avoid punishment 
C)  provides a motive for criminal behavior 
D)  allows the individual to control his or her own behavior 
E) all of the above

Question 15

Recent evidence on the relationship between crime and socioeconomic status (SES) suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  rich people got to their position through illegal means 
B)  parents' SES is directly related to criminal behavior 
C) delinquents have more disposable income than nondelinquents 
D)  youths with poor parents have a higher risk for property crimes 
E)  youths with poor parents have a lower risk for property crimes 
A)  rich people got to their position through illegal means 
B)  parents' SES is directly related to criminal behavior 
C) delinquents have more disposable income than nondelinquents 
D)  youths with poor parents have a higher risk for property crimes 
E)  youths with poor parents have a lower risk for property crimes

Question 16

Most past studies of the class-crime relationship have

Accepted Answer

A) used aggregate measures of crime and class 
B) ignored individual indicators of class and crime 
C) focused on juvenile delinquents 
D) a and b only 
E) all of the above 
A) used aggregate measures of crime and class 
B) ignored individual indicators of class and crime 
C) focused on juvenile delinquents 
D) a and b only 
E) all of the above

Question 17

Agnew's (1992) General Strain Theory proposes the following path to crime:

Accepted Answer

A) frustration - anger - aggression 
B)  frustration - delinquent peers - delinquency 
C)  anomie - alienation -innovation 
D)  frustration - alienation - delinquency 
E)  anomie - frustration - innovation 
A) frustration - anger - aggression 
B)  frustration - delinquent peers - delinquency 
C)  anomie - alienation -innovation 
D)  frustration - alienation - delinquency 
E)  anomie - frustration - innovation

Question 18

That criminal behavior is positively correlated with having delinquent friends is predicted from

Accepted Answer

A)  anomie theory 
B)  labeling theory 
C)  limited opportunities 
D) differential association 
E)  conflict theory 
A)  anomie theory 
B)  labeling theory 
C)  limited opportunities 
D) differential association 
E)  conflict theory

Question 19

The effectiveness of a reward will be greatest when the background density of rewards for the behavior is

Accepted Answer

A)  low 
B) medium 
C)  high 
D)  the same as the costs for the behavior 
E)  lower than the costs for the behavior 
A)  low 
B) medium 
C)  high 
D)  the same as the costs for the behavior 
E)  lower than the costs for the behavior

Question 20

GPCSL views behavior as a function of

Accepted Answer

A)  rewards 
B)  costs 
C)  rewards and costs 
D)  biological factors 
E) all of the above 
A)  rewards 
B)  costs 
C)  rewards and costs 
D)  biological factors 
E) all of the above

After forgetting the birthday of your friend, your friend refuses to talk to you. Your friend is delivering a(n)

A punishment or cost is a stimulus that

Differential association theory views criminal behavior as the result of

Mainstream, traditional theories of criminology have predicted

The term "schedules of reinforcement" refers to

When a child feels guilty for stealing, the source of the cost is

A subtractive cost ___________ behavior.

A subtractive reward ___________ behavior.

Feeling euphoric after injecting heroin is a(n)

Hirschi's theory deals with

According to limited opportunity theory, the mode of adaptation that explains criminal behavior is

Reckless's (1967) containment theory emphasizes the following as a buffer from a criminogenic environment:

According to the text, one of the major "myths" of mainstream criminology has been that

Learning to rationalize breaking the law

Recent evidence on the relationship between crime and socioeconomic status (SES) suggests that

Most past studies of the class-crime relationship have

Agnew's (1992) General Strain Theory proposes the following path to crime:

That criminal behavior is positively correlated with having delinquent friends is predicted from

The effectiveness of a reward will be greatest when the background density of rewards for the behavior is

GPCSL views behavior as a function of

An Overview of the Psychology of Criminal Conduct

The Empirical Basis to the Psychology of Criminal Conduct

The Biological Basis of Criminal Behavior

Antisocial Personality Pattern

The Role of Procriminal Associates and Attitudes in Criminal Conduct

The Person in Social Context: Family, Marital, School, Work, Leisurerecreation, and Neighborhood

Substance Abuse

The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model of Offender Assessment and Treatment

Prediction of Criminal Behavior and Classification of Offenders

Offender Rehabilitation

Creating and Maintaining Rnr Adherence: a Real-World Challenge

The Failed Experiment: Getting Tough on Crime

Criminal Subtypes: Intimate Partner Violence, the Mentally Disordered, and Sex Offenders

A General Personality and Cognitive Social Learning Perspective of Criminal Conduct: Summary and Conclusions

Filters

Exam 3: From Criminology Theories to a Psychological Perspective of Criminal Conduct

After forgetting the birthday of your friend, your friend refuses to talk to you. Your friend is delivering a(n)

A punishment or cost is a stimulus that

Differential association theory views criminal behavior as the result of

Mainstream, traditional theories of criminology have predicted

The term "schedules of reinforcement" refers to

When a child feels guilty for stealing, the source of the cost is

A subtractive cost ___________ behavior.

A subtractive reward ___________ behavior.

Feeling euphoric after injecting heroin is a(n)

Hirschi's theory deals with

According to limited opportunity theory, the mode of adaptation that explains criminal behavior is

Reckless's (1967) containment theory emphasizes the following as a buffer from a criminogenic environment:

According to the text, one of the major "myths" of mainstream criminology has been that

Learning to rationalize breaking the law

Recent evidence on the relationship between crime and socioeconomic status (SES) suggests that

Most past studies of the class-crime relationship have

Agnew's (1992) General Strain Theory proposes the following path to crime:

That criminal behavior is positively correlated with having delinquent friends is predicted from

The effectiveness of a reward will be greatest when the background density of rewards for the behavior is

GPCSL views behavior as a function of

An Overview of the Psychology of Criminal Conduct

The Empirical Basis to the Psychology of Criminal Conduct

The Biological Basis of Criminal Behavior

Antisocial Personality Pattern

The Role of Procriminal Associates and Attitudes in Criminal Conduct

The Person in Social Context: Family, Marital, School, Work, Leisurerecreation, and Neighborhood

Substance Abuse

The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model of Offender Assessment and Treatment

Prediction of Criminal Behavior and Classification of Offenders

Offender Rehabilitation

Creating and Maintaining Rnr Adherence: a Real-World Challenge

The Failed Experiment: Getting Tough on Crime

Criminal Subtypes: Intimate Partner Violence, the Mentally Disordered, and Sex Offenders

A General Personality and Cognitive Social Learning Perspective of Criminal Conduct: Summary and Conclusions

Filters