Question 1

The phrase; 'The whole is more than the sum of its parts. Indeed, the whole is the product of its parts,' reflects which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Systems thinking and Holism 
B)  Reductionism 
C)  Unificationism 
D)  Holism and unificationalism 
E)  Foundationalism 
A)  Systems thinking and Holism 
B)  Reductionism 
C)  Unificationism 
D)  Holism and unificationalism 
E)  Foundationalism

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT part of 'holistic' anthropology?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ethnographic record 
B)  participant-observation 
C)  experimental psychology 
D)  the archaeological record 
E)  physical remains such as bones and coprolites 
A)  the ethnographic record 
B)  participant-observation 
C)  experimental psychology 
D)  the archaeological record 
E)  physical remains such as bones and coprolites

Question 3

Which of the following does NOT contrast with 'reductionism'?

Accepted Answer

A)  explaining an entire system by explaining a single aspect of that system 
B)  focusing on the connectedness between aspects of a system 
C)  studying the relationships between aspects of a system 
D)  holism 
E)  the idea that what really counts emerges from the interaction of a system's various parts 
A)  explaining an entire system by explaining a single aspect of that system 
B)  focusing on the connectedness between aspects of a system 
C)  studying the relationships between aspects of a system 
D)  holism 
E)  the idea that what really counts emerges from the interaction of a system's various parts

Question 4

What is the difference between 'ethnography' and 'ethnology'?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethnography is the in depth account of a people's culture and society, while ethnology is the cross-cultural comparison of different peoples. 
B)  Ethnography is the in-depth account of a people's culture and society, while ethnology is the in-depth account of a people's biology. 
C)  Ethnology is a highly numerical science in comparison to ethnography. 
D)  Ethnography focuses on simple societies, while ethnology focuses on complex societies. 
E)  Ethnology is actually the same as ethnography; they are two words for the same thing. 
A)  Ethnography is the in depth account of a people's culture and society, while ethnology is the cross-cultural comparison of different peoples. 
B)  Ethnography is the in-depth account of a people's culture and society, while ethnology is the in-depth account of a people's biology. 
C)  Ethnology is a highly numerical science in comparison to ethnography. 
D)  Ethnography focuses on simple societies, while ethnology focuses on complex societies. 
E)  Ethnology is actually the same as ethnography; they are two words for the same thing.

Question 5

Given a change in the environment in which a system is embedded, interactions between parts of a system can change, leading to an entirely new pattern of action. This is best called:

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis. 
B)  emergence. 
C)  equilibrium. 
D)  appearance. 
E)  nonlinearity. 
A)  homeostasis. 
B)  emergence. 
C)  equilibrium. 
D)  appearance. 
E)  nonlinearity.

Question 6

A 'species' is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  composite of individuals with closely similar traits. 
B)  breeding group. 
C)  group of highly specialized individual organisms. 
D)  group of individuals in the same geographic location. 
E)  population that occupies an abiotic niche. 
A)  composite of individuals with closely similar traits. 
B)  breeding group. 
C)  group of highly specialized individual organisms. 
D)  group of individuals in the same geographic location. 
E)  population that occupies an abiotic niche.

Question 7

'Participant observation' is different from other forms of observation in that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it focuses on individual participants, instead of the group. 
B)  the observer participates in the culture under study. 
C)  the observer actively manipulates the environment of those she observes in order to test hypotheses. 
D)  the observer maintains a certain amount of proximity to the people she tries to observe. 
E)  it does not take place in a laboratory. 
A)  it focuses on individual participants, instead of the group. 
B)  the observer participates in the culture under study. 
C)  the observer actively manipulates the environment of those she observes in order to test hypotheses. 
D)  the observer maintains a certain amount of proximity to the people she tries to observe. 
E)  it does not take place in a laboratory.

Question 8

The study of how the health of animals influences the health of humans, and vice versa, reflects a theoretical model called ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  One Health 
B)  Ecosystem services 
C)  Microbiomatics 
D)  Homeostatics 
E)  No answer provided is correct 
A)  One Health 
B)  Ecosystem services 
C)  Microbiomatics 
D)  Homeostatics 
E)  No answer provided is correct

Question 9

What can a 'complex adaptive system' do that a 'mechanical system' cannot do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adapt 
B)  Reflect 
C)  Remain static 
D)  Have moving parts 
E)  Be studied 
A)  Adapt 
B)  Reflect 
C)  Remain static 
D)  Have moving parts 
E)  Be studied

Question 10

A fight between those on the nature side of 'the nature-nurture question' and those on the nurture side is essentially a fight between:

Accepted Answer

A)  biological determinism and cultural determinism. 
B)  biocultural perspectivism and relativism. 
C)  determinism and systems thinking. 
D)  holism and reductionism. 
E)  biological determinism and psychological determinism. 
A)  biological determinism and cultural determinism. 
B)  biocultural perspectivism and relativism. 
C)  determinism and systems thinking. 
D)  holism and reductionism. 
E)  biological determinism and psychological determinism.

Question 11

Which best describes 'biological determinism'?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biology determines our capacities and characteristics. 
B)  Upbringing determines our capacities and characteristics. 
C)  Nurturing creates characteristics and capacities. 
D)  Culture is determined by biology. 
E)  Human biology is determined by human actions. 
A)  Biology determines our capacities and characteristics. 
B)  Upbringing determines our capacities and characteristics. 
C)  Nurturing creates characteristics and capacities. 
D)  Culture is determined by biology. 
E)  Human biology is determined by human actions.

Question 12

What is NOT true of 'ethnology'?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the study of culture. 
B)  It is also termed "sociocultural" or "cultural" anthropology. 
C)  It is part of archaeology. 
D)  It makes cross-cultural comparisons. 
E)  Many of its original practitioners were very ethnocentric. 
A)  It is the study of culture. 
B)  It is also termed "sociocultural" or "cultural" anthropology. 
C)  It is part of archaeology. 
D)  It makes cross-cultural comparisons. 
E)  Many of its original practitioners were very ethnocentric.

Question 13

The philosophy or theory that one's biology (e.g., hormones, ancestry) controls one's way of being in the world (e.g., personality, interests, temperament) is a form of:

Accepted Answer

A)  holism. 
B)  determinism. 
C)  concordance. 
D)  relativism. 
E)  ethnocentrism. 
A)  holism. 
B)  determinism. 
C)  concordance. 
D)  relativism. 
E)  ethnocentrism.

Question 14

The idea that nature (rather than nurture) fully determines one's capacities and characteristics is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural determinism 
B)  biological determinism 
C)  systems thinking 
D)  homeostasis 
E)  ethnocentrism 
A)  cultural determinism 
B)  biological determinism 
C)  systems thinking 
D)  homeostasis 
E)  ethnocentrism

Question 15

'Emergence' is a property of:

Accepted Answer

A)  biological determinism. 
B)  complex adaptive systems. 
C)  niche construction. 
D)  holistic thinking. 
E)  reductionism. 
A)  biological determinism. 
B)  complex adaptive systems. 
C)  niche construction. 
D)  holistic thinking. 
E)  reductionism.

Question 16

Which term refers to a state in which a system is balanced?

Accepted Answer

A)  adapted 
B)  reciprocity 
C)  homozygous 
D)  homeostasis 
E)  thermostatic balance 
A)  adapted 
B)  reciprocity 
C)  homozygous 
D)  homeostasis 
E)  thermostatic balance

Question 17

When a species occupies a particular role within its habitat, this role is known as that species':

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptation. 
B)  homeostatic set point. 
C)  niche. 
D)  developmental adjustment. 
E)  carrying capacity. 
A)  adaptation. 
B)  homeostatic set point. 
C)  niche. 
D)  developmental adjustment. 
E)  carrying capacity.

Question 18

'Adaptation' happens when a system:

Accepted Answer

A)  breaks down in response to pressure. 
B)  tries to restore itself to a preset balance point. 
C)  alters itself and evolves in tandem with a changing environment. 
D)  completes its set tasks. 
E)  resists change of any kind. 
A)  breaks down in response to pressure. 
B)  tries to restore itself to a preset balance point. 
C)  alters itself and evolves in tandem with a changing environment. 
D)  completes its set tasks. 
E)  resists change of any kind.

Question 19

Using one's own culture as the basis for interpretation of features of another is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural relativism. 
B)  ethnocentrism. 
C)  self-preservation. 
D)  heritage. 
E)  self-centrism. 
A)  cultural relativism. 
B)  ethnocentrism. 
C)  self-preservation. 
D)  heritage. 
E)  self-centrism.

Question 20

'Population-based human variation generated through or reflecting the dynamic, interacting combination of biological and cultural factors' is more simply called:

Accepted Answer

A)  anthropological diversity. 
B)  biocultural diversity. 
C)  adaptive variation. 
D)  variation dynamics. 
E)  biological divergence. 
A)  anthropological diversity. 
B)  biocultural diversity. 
C)  adaptive variation. 
D)  variation dynamics. 
E)  biological divergence.

The phrase; 'The whole is more than the sum of its parts. Indeed, the whole is the product of its parts,' reflects which of the following concepts?

Which of the following is NOT part of 'holistic' anthropology?

Which of the following does NOT contrast with 'reductionism'?

What is the difference between 'ethnography' and 'ethnology'?

Given a change in the environment in which a system is embedded, interactions between parts of a system can change, leading to an entirely new pattern of action. This is best called:

A 'species' is a:

'Participant observation' is different from other forms of observation in that:

The study of how the health of animals influences the health of humans, and vice versa, reflects a theoretical model called ____________.

What can a 'complex adaptive system' do that a 'mechanical system' cannot do?

A fight between those on the nature side of 'the nature-nurture question' and those on the nurture side is essentially a fight between:

Which best describes 'biological determinism'?

What is NOT true of 'ethnology'?

The philosophy or theory that one's biology (e.g., hormones, ancestry) controls one's way of being in the world (e.g., personality, interests, temperament) is a form of:

The idea that nature (rather than nurture) fully determines one's capacities and characteristics is:

'Emergence' is a property of:

Which term refers to a state in which a system is balanced?

When a species occupies a particular role within its habitat, this role is known as that species':

'Adaptation' happens when a system:

Using one's own culture as the basis for interpretation of features of another is called:

'Population-based human variation generated through or reflecting the dynamic, interacting combination of biological and cultural factors' is more simply called:

Genetic Adaptation

Developmental Adjustment and Epigenetic Change

Emergence of Culture and People Like Us

Global Expansion, Human Variation, and the Invention of Race

Foraging

Agricultural Revolution

Epidemics and Immunities

Political Economy of Health Disparities

Stress, Meaning, and Health

Culture in Practice

Body Ideals and Outcomes

Kinship

Conclusion

Filters

Exam 1: Anthropology and Complexity

The phrase; 'The whole is more than the sum of its parts. Indeed, the whole is the product of its parts,' reflects which of the following concepts?

Which of the following is NOT part of 'holistic' anthropology?

Which of the following does NOT contrast with 'reductionism'?

What is the difference between 'ethnography' and 'ethnology'?

Given a change in the environment in which a system is embedded, interactions between parts of a system can change, leading to an entirely new pattern of action. This is best called:

A 'species' is a:

'Participant observation' is different from other forms of observation in that:

The study of how the health of animals influences the health of humans, and vice versa, reflects a theoretical model called ____________.

What can a 'complex adaptive system' do that a 'mechanical system' cannot do?

A fight between those on the nature side of 'the nature-nurture question' and those on the nurture side is essentially a fight between:

Which best describes 'biological determinism'?

What is NOT true of 'ethnology'?

The philosophy or theory that one's biology (e.g., hormones, ancestry) controls one's way of being in the world (e.g., personality, interests, temperament) is a form of:

The idea that nature (rather than nurture) fully determines one's capacities and characteristics is:

'Emergence' is a property of:

Which term refers to a state in which a system is balanced?

When a species occupies a particular role within its habitat, this role is known as that species':

'Adaptation' happens when a system:

Using one's own culture as the basis for interpretation of features of another is called:

'Population-based human variation generated through or reflecting the dynamic, interacting combination of biological and cultural factors' is more simply called:

Genetic Adaptation

Developmental Adjustment and Epigenetic Change

Emergence of Culture and People Like Us

Global Expansion, Human Variation, and the Invention of Race

Foraging

Agricultural Revolution

Epidemics and Immunities

Political Economy of Health Disparities

Stress, Meaning, and Health

Culture in Practice

Body Ideals and Outcomes

Kinship

Conclusion

Filters