Question 1

Distinguish between self-protection and self-enhancement goals.

Accepted Answer

Self-protection goals and self-enhancement goals are two different types of goals that individuals may pursue in order to maintain their well-being and improve their self-esteem.

Self-protection goals are focused on avoiding potential threats and dangers to one's well-being. This can include avoiding physical harm, protecting one's reputation, or defending oneself from criticism or rejection. Individuals pursuing self-protection goals may engage in behaviors such as seeking out safe environments, avoiding risky situations, or being cautious in their interactions with others. The primary motivation behind self-protection goals is to minimize potential harm and maintain a sense of security.

On the other hand, self-enhancement goals are focused on improving one's self-esteem and self-worth. This can include seeking out opportunities for personal growth, striving for success and achievement, or seeking validation and approval from others. Individuals pursuing self-enhancement goals may engage in behaviors such as setting and achieving personal goals, seeking out positive feedback and recognition, or comparing themselves favorably to others. The primary motivation behind self-enhancement goals is to enhance one's sense of competence and worth.

In summary, self-protection goals are focused on avoiding potential threats and maintaining security, while self-enhancement goals are focused on improving self-esteem and seeking personal growth and validation. Both types of goals are important for individuals to maintain their well-being and overall sense of fulfillment.

Question 2

Define stereotype endorsement and give an example.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype endorsement refers to the extent to which an individual agrees with and supports a generalized belief or preconceived idea about a particular group of people. Stereotypes are oversimplified and often inaccurate perceptions that associate certain traits or behaviors with all members of a group, regardless of individual differences. When someone endorses a stereotype, they are accepting and perpetuating these generalized beliefs, which can lead to prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviors.

For example, a common gender stereotype is that women are not as good at math and science as men. If a person endorses this stereotype, they might believe that men are naturally more suited for careers in engineering or physics, and as a result, they might discourage women from pursuing education or employment in these fields. This endorsement can have real-world consequences, such as creating barriers for women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers, despite there being no inherent gender-based differences in math and science ability.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a step in the stereotype activation process?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person sees someone and notices characteristics that cue which social category the individual belongs to. 
B)  The observer categorizes the person based on those characteristics. 
C)  The observer decides whether they are or are not motivated to stereotype the other person. 
D)  The stereotype associated with the category is activated. 
A)  A person sees someone and notices characteristics that cue which social category the individual belongs to. 
B)  The observer categorizes the person based on those characteristics. 
C)  The observer decides whether they are or are not motivated to stereotype the other person. 
D)  The stereotype associated with the category is activated. C

Question 4

Under which condition(s) is a person most likely to change a stereotypic belief?

Accepted Answer

A)  When there is a concentrated disconfirmation of that belief. 
B)  When there is a dispersed disconfirmation of that belief. 
C)  When the perceiver has accuracy goals. 
D)  When any of the above conditions is present. 
A)  When there is a concentrated disconfirmation of that belief. 
B)  When there is a dispersed disconfirmation of that belief. 
C)  When the perceiver has accuracy goals. 
D)  When any of the above conditions is present.

Question 5

Stereotype-------------------is the extent to which a person agrees with the social ste- reotype of a group.

Accepted Answer

A)  endorsement 
B)  knowledge 
C)  application 
D)  assessment 
A)  endorsement 
B)  knowledge 
C)  application 
D)  assessment

Question 6

People are less likely to rely on stereotypes in making judgments if they

Accepted Answer

A)  are asked to be accurate. 
B)  are held accountable for their decisions. 
C)  have detailed information about the other person. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  are asked to be accurate. 
B)  are held accountable for their decisions. 
C)  have detailed information about the other person. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 7

Under what conditions does high cognitive load facilitate stereotype application? Under what conditions does it inhibit stereotype application?

Accepted Answer

High cognitive load can facilitate stere

Question 8

Which of the following has/have been used to explain why stereotypes rebound?

Accepted Answer

A)  The suppression process primes suppressed thoughts, making them more readily available for use. 
B)  Suppression requires cognitive effort that depletes cognitive resources, allowing the stereotype to break through. 
C)  Suppressing a stereotype creates a need to use it. 
D)  All of the above have been used to explain the phenomenon. 
A)  The suppression process primes suppressed thoughts, making them more readily available for use. 
B)  Suppression requires cognitive effort that depletes cognitive resources, allowing the stereotype to break through. 
C)  Suppressing a stereotype creates a need to use it. 
D)  All of the above have been used to explain the phenomenon.

Question 9

What is stereotype suppression? What effects does it have on stereotype use?

Accepted Answer

Stereotype suppression is the conscious

Question 10

Why might stereotypes continue to function even when individuating information is available?

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes might continue to function e

Question 11

Distinguish between automatic and motivated stereotype activation.

Accepted Answer

Automatic stereotype activation and moti

Question 12

Hilda likes to think about things carefully and consider all options before making a decision. She is likely high on the trait called

Accepted Answer

A)  causal uncertainty. 
B)  need for structure. 
C)  need for closure. 
D)  need for cognition. 
A)  causal uncertainty. 
B)  need for structure. 
C)  need for closure. 
D)  need for cognition.

Question 13

In situations where a stereotype has been activated, which of the following statements is true about stereotype application?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perceivers can more successfully control their non-verbal reactions than their verbal reactions. 
B)  Motivated perceivers can always inhibit stereotype application. 
C)  Perceivers are almost always aware that they are applying their stereotypes in a situation. 
D)  Stereotype application is inhibited only if the perceiver is motivated to do so. 
A)  Perceivers can more successfully control their non-verbal reactions than their verbal reactions. 
B)  Motivated perceivers can always inhibit stereotype application. 
C)  Perceivers are almost always aware that they are applying their stereotypes in a situation. 
D)  Stereotype application is inhibited only if the perceiver is motivated to do so.

Question 14

Explain how the stereotype activation process differs for individuals who are high and low in prejudice.

Accepted Answer

The stereotype activation process differ

Question 15

Stereotypes are most likely to be activated when

Accepted Answer

A)  we know the target person well. 
B)  we have limited information about the target person. 
C)  our goal is to see others as individuals. 
D)  we want to avoid putting our thoughts into action. 
A)  we know the target person well. 
B)  we have limited information about the target person. 
C)  our goal is to see others as individuals. 
D)  we want to avoid putting our thoughts into action.

Question 16

Keiko is an exchange student from Japan. A student at her Canadian university asks her on a date and comments that he thinks Japanese women are exotic. Which "D of Difference" does his comment reflect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Denial 
B)  Discovery 
C)  Distancing 
D)  Devaluing 
A)  Denial 
B)  Discovery 
C)  Distancing 
D)  Devaluing

Question 17

Which of these strategies might be used to reduce or eliminate the shooter bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  Instruct people not to think about race. 
B)  Create opportunities for White people to interact positively with Black people. 
C)  Encourage people to make quick decisions. 
D)  Increase the number of Black women on police forces. 
A)  Instruct people not to think about race. 
B)  Create opportunities for White people to interact positively with Black people. 
C)  Encourage people to make quick decisions. 
D)  Increase the number of Black women on police forces.

Question 18

What is social power? Give two examples of how people who have social power can influence other people in meaningful ways.

Accepted Answer

Social power refers to the ability of in

Question 19

Research shows that two factors must be present to inhibit an activated stereotype. Those factors are

Accepted Answer

A)  having the motivation to inhibit the stereotype and the ability to do so. 
B)  holding social adjustment goals and having the motivation to follow through with them. 
C)  having the motivation to suppress stereotypes and being able to successfully do so. 
D)  holding self-enhancement goals and being rewarded for doing so. 
A)  having the motivation to inhibit the stereotype and the ability to do so. 
B)  holding social adjustment goals and having the motivation to follow through with them. 
C)  having the motivation to suppress stereotypes and being able to successfully do so. 
D)  holding self-enhancement goals and being rewarded for doing so.

Question 20

Distinguish between concentrated stereotype disconfirmation and dispersed stereo- type disconfirmation. Which is most likely to result in the creation of a subtype?

Accepted Answer

Concentrated stereotype disconfirmation

Distinguish between self-protection and self-enhancement goals.

Define stereotype endorsement and give an example.

Which of the following is not a step in the stereotype activation process?

Under which condition(s) is a person most likely to change a stereotypic belief?

Stereotype-------------------is the extent to which a person agrees with the social ste- reotype of a group.

People are less likely to rely on stereotypes in making judgments if they

Under what conditions does high cognitive load facilitate stereotype application? Under what conditions does it inhibit stereotype application?

Which of the following has/have been used to explain why stereotypes rebound?

What is stereotype suppression? What effects does it have on stereotype use?

Why might stereotypes continue to function even when individuating information is available?

Distinguish between automatic and motivated stereotype activation.

Hilda likes to think about things carefully and consider all options before making a decision. She is likely high on the trait called

In situations where a stereotype has been activated, which of the following statements is true about stereotype application?

Explain how the stereotype activation process differs for individuals who are high and low in prejudice.

Stereotypes are most likely to be activated when

Keiko is an exchange student from Japan. A student at her Canadian university asks her on a date and comments that he thinks Japanese women are exotic. Which "D of Difference" does his comment reflect?

Which of these strategies might be used to reduce or eliminate the shooter bias?

What is social power? Give two examples of how people who have social power can influence other people in meaningful ways.

Research shows that two factors must be present to inhibit an activated stereotype. Those factors are

Distinguish between concentrated stereotype disconfirmation and dispersed stereo- type disconfirmation. Which is most likely to result in the creation of a subtype?

Introducing the Concepts of Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

How Psychologists Study Prejudice and Discrimination

Social Categorization and Stereotypes

Old-Fashioned and Contemporary Forms of Prejudice

Individual Differences and Prejudice

The Development of Prejudice in Children

The Social Context of Prejudice

From Prejudice to Discrimination

The Experience of Discrimination

Gender, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation

Age, Ability, and Appearance

Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination

Filters

Exam 4: Stereotype Activation and Application

Distinguish between self-protection and self-enhancement goals.

Define stereotype endorsement and give an example.

Which of the following is not a step in the stereotype activation process?

Under which condition(s) is a person most likely to change a stereotypic belief?

Stereotype-------------------is the extent to which a person agrees with the social ste- reotype of a group.

People are less likely to rely on stereotypes in making judgments if they

Under what conditions does high cognitive load facilitate stereotype application? Under what conditions does it inhibit stereotype application?

Which of the following has/have been used to explain why stereotypes rebound?

What is stereotype suppression? What effects does it have on stereotype use?

Why might stereotypes continue to function even when individuating information is available?

Distinguish between automatic and motivated stereotype activation.

Hilda likes to think about things carefully and consider all options before making a decision. She is likely high on the trait called

In situations where a stereotype has been activated, which of the following statements is true about stereotype application?

Explain how the stereotype activation process differs for individuals who are high and low in prejudice.

Stereotypes are most likely to be activated when

Keiko is an exchange student from Japan. A student at her Canadian university asks her on a date and comments that he thinks Japanese women are exotic. Which "D of Difference" does his comment reflect?

Which of these strategies might be used to reduce or eliminate the shooter bias?

What is social power? Give two examples of how people who have social power can influence other people in meaningful ways.

Research shows that two factors must be present to inhibit an activated stereotype. Those factors are

Distinguish between concentrated stereotype disconfirmation and dispersed stereo- type disconfirmation. Which is most likely to result in the creation of a subtype?

Introducing the Concepts of Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

How Psychologists Study Prejudice and Discrimination

Social Categorization and Stereotypes

Old-Fashioned and Contemporary Forms of Prejudice

Individual Differences and Prejudice

The Development of Prejudice in Children

The Social Context of Prejudice

From Prejudice to Discrimination

The Experience of Discrimination

Gender, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation

Age, Ability, and Appearance

Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination

Filters