Question 1

In frogs, the segregation of ocular input to the tectum is mediated by _______ receptors and occurs _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  AMPA; throughout life 
B)  AMPA; only in development 
C)  NMDA; throughout life 
D)  NMDA; only in development 
A)  AMPA; throughout life 
B)  AMPA; only in development 
C)  NMDA; throughout life 
D)  NMDA; only in development C

Question 2

Olfactory sensory neurons with a mutation that prevents them from firing action potentials in response to odorants usually do not survive to project to glomeruli because

Accepted Answer

A)  they cannot follow the ephrin gradient. 
B)  they cannot follow semaphorins. 
C)  their neighbors fire competing action potentials. 
D)  the mutation triggers apoptosis. 
A)  they cannot follow the ephrin gradient. 
B)  they cannot follow semaphorins. 
C)  their neighbors fire competing action potentials. 
D)  the mutation triggers apoptosis. C

Question 3

The effect of neuronal activity on ocular dominance patterns in mammals is mediated by _______ receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  AMPA 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  NMDA 
D)  GABA 
A)  AMPA 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  NMDA 
D)  GABA C

Question 4

What is one effect of strabismus on the visual system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased number of visual cortical cells with binocular connections 
B)  Disparate input from the eyes reaching the brain 
C)  Reduced depth perception 
D)  Reduced field of view 
A)  Increased number of visual cortical cells with binocular connections 
B)  Disparate input from the eyes reaching the brain 
C)  Reduced depth perception 
D)  Reduced field of view

Question 5

If a human suffers a hand amputation as an adult, what will happen to the area of the somatosensory cortex that previously received information from the lost hand?

Accepted Answer

A)  The projections from the hand will still be there, but will be inactive. 
B)  The projections from the hand will die, and that area of the cortex will be empty. 
C)  Projections from the face and neighboring limb will expand to control that cortical area. 
D)  That cortical area will die. 
A)  The projections from the hand will still be there, but will be inactive. 
B)  The projections from the hand will die, and that area of the cortex will be empty. 
C)  Projections from the face and neighboring limb will expand to control that cortical area. 
D)  That cortical area will die.

Question 6

In rats, monkeys, and humans, tactile experiences shape the brain's somatosensory cortex map

Accepted Answer

A)  only in fetal development. 
B)  only in early childhood. 
C)  only during puberty. 
D)  throughout life. 
A)  only in fetal development. 
B)  only in early childhood. 
C)  only during puberty. 
D)  throughout life.

Question 7

Amblyopia, or "lazy eye," can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  a severed retina. 
B)  an unfocused image on the retina. 
C)  damage to the cornea. 
D)  strabismus. 
A)  a severed retina. 
B)  an unfocused image on the retina. 
C)  damage to the cornea. 
D)  strabismus.

Question 8

In general, how does sensory experience guide neural development? What benefit does this have?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general, how does sensory experience guide...

Question 9

If half of a frog's tectum is lesioned when the optic nerve is cut, the projections from the remaining retinal neurons will innervate _______ to produce a(n) _______ projection on the tectum.

Accepted Answer

A)  the entire tectum; expanded 
B)  only their original part of the tectum; expanded 
C)  the entire tectum; compressed 
D)  only their original part of the tectum; compressed 
A)  the entire tectum; expanded 
B)  only their original part of the tectum; expanded 
C)  the entire tectum; compressed 
D)  only their original part of the tectum; compressed

Question 10

If an amphibian recovering from a severed optic nerve is kept in the dark, the retinal ganglion cells will

Accepted Answer

A)  not project to the tectum. 
B)  have less refined connections to the tectum. 
C)  still project normally to the tectum. 
D)  project to random spots of the tectum. 
A)  not project to the tectum. 
B)  have less refined connections to the tectum. 
C)  still project normally to the tectum. 
D)  project to random spots of the tectum.

Question 11

What did the results of the "tectal expansion" and "tectal compression" experiments indicate about the chemoaffinity hypothesis? Why might amphibians require this kind of system for retinotectal innervation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did the results of the "tectal...

Question 12

If the right eye of a cat is sutured closed for one month starting at birth,

Accepted Answer

A)  vision in the right eye would return when the eye was opened. 
B)  the cat would never gain vision in the right eye. 
C)  light will never be able to enter the right eye. 
D)  the left eye would compensate by developing a wider visual field. 
A)  vision in the right eye would return when the eye was opened. 
B)  the cat would never gain vision in the right eye. 
C)  light will never be able to enter the right eye. 
D)  the left eye would compensate by developing a wider visual field.

Question 13

The results of the three-eyed frog experiment, in which two eyes were made to innervate the same tectum, suggested that

Accepted Answer

A)  retinal cells compete for space on the tectum. 
B)  the tectum adjusts its size to match the degree of input from the retina. 
C)  the strict view of the chemoaffinity hypothesis is accurate. 
D)  visual experience is not needed to fine-tune retinotectal projections. 
A)  retinal cells compete for space on the tectum. 
B)  the tectum adjusts its size to match the degree of input from the retina. 
C)  the strict view of the chemoaffinity hypothesis is accurate. 
D)  visual experience is not needed to fine-tune retinotectal projections.

Question 14

Blocking action potentials with TTX in the retinal ganglion cells of one eye has the same effect as monocular deprivation in development. This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  visual cortical cells normally respond to input from only one eye. 
B)  synapses from the eye to the visual cortex do not behave in a Hebbian manner. 
C)  ocular dominance patterns do not respond to neural activity in the eyes. 
D)  ocular dominance patterns are influenced by neural activity in the eyes. 
A)  visual cortical cells normally respond to input from only one eye. 
B)  synapses from the eye to the visual cortex do not behave in a Hebbian manner. 
C)  ocular dominance patterns do not respond to neural activity in the eyes. 
D)  ocular dominance patterns are influenced by neural activity in the eyes.

Question 15

Michael May was blinded at three years of age, and his vision was restored 40 years later. Despite clear images entering his eye after visual restoration, he still had trouble recognizing his wife's face and distinguishing between objects. Which synaptic mechanisms might have been impaired that prevented Michael from regaining full use of his vision? What would have happened to his vision, after restoration, had he been blinded as an adult instead?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Michael May was blinded at three years...

Question 16

How do adult humans and amphibians respond differently if vision is reversed either by prism glasses or by surgery?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do adult humans and amphibians respond...

Question 17

If a whisker on a newborn mouse is removed, what will happen to the area of the somatosensory cortex that would have received information from that whisker?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will still receive information from the whisker, but will not fire any action potentials. 
B)  No neurons will project there. 
C)  It will receive information from the neighboring whiskers. 
D)  That cortical area will not develop. 
A)  It will still receive information from the whisker, but will not fire any action potentials. 
B)  No neurons will project there. 
C)  It will receive information from the neighboring whiskers. 
D)  That cortical area will not develop.

Question 18

Owl tectal neurons respond to auditory cues according to their

Accepted Answer

A)  pitch. 
B)  location in space. 
C)  volume. 
D)  frequency. 
A)  pitch. 
B)  location in space. 
C)  volume. 
D)  frequency.

Question 19

Many species that are subject to predation have eyes directed to the sides. In what way does this arrangement make the visual field and the optic nerve fiber tract differ between prey species and predator species? How might this specifically benefit prey and predator species?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many species that are subject to predation...

Question 20

Temporary monocular deprivation in the right eye of an 8-week-old cat will result in most visual cortical cells responding

Accepted Answer

A)  to both eyes in adulthood. 
B)  only to the left eye in adulthood. 
C)  only to the right eye in adulthood. 
D)  only to one eye or the other. 
A)  to both eyes in adulthood. 
B)  only to the left eye in adulthood. 
C)  only to the right eye in adulthood. 
D)  only to one eye or the other.

In frogs, the segregation of ocular input to the tectum is mediated by _ receptors and occurs _.

Olfactory sensory neurons with a mutation that prevents them from firing action potentials in response to odorants usually do not survive to project to glomeruli because

The effect of neuronal activity on ocular dominance patterns in mammals is mediated by _______ receptors.

What is one effect of strabismus on the visual system?

If a human suffers a hand amputation as an adult, what will happen to the area of the somatosensory cortex that previously received information from the lost hand?

In rats, monkeys, and humans, tactile experiences shape the brain's somatosensory cortex map

Amblyopia, or "lazy eye," can be caused by

In general, how does sensory experience guide neural development? What benefit does this have?

If half of a frog's tectum is lesioned when the optic nerve is cut, the projections from the remaining retinal neurons will innervate _ to produce a(n) _ projection on the tectum.

If an amphibian recovering from a severed optic nerve is kept in the dark, the retinal ganglion cells will

What did the results of the "tectal expansion" and "tectal compression" experiments indicate about the chemoaffinity hypothesis? Why might amphibians require this kind of system for retinotectal innervation?

If the right eye of a cat is sutured closed for one month starting at birth,

The results of the three-eyed frog experiment, in which two eyes were made to innervate the same tectum, suggested that

Blocking action potentials with TTX in the retinal ganglion cells of one eye has the same effect as monocular deprivation in development. This suggests that

How do adult humans and amphibians respond differently if vision is reversed either by prism glasses or by surgery?

If a whisker on a newborn mouse is removed, what will happen to the area of the somatosensory cortex that would have received information from that whisker?

Owl tectal neurons respond to auditory cues according to their

Many species that are subject to predation have eyes directed to the sides. In what way does this arrangement make the visual field and the optic nerve fiber tract differ between prey species and predator species? How might this specifically benefit prey and predator species?

Temporary monocular deprivation in the right eye of an 8-week-old cat will result in most visual cortical cells responding

Cell Differentiation and Neural Induction

Development of a Body Pattern

Neurogenesis and Migration

Neural Differentiation

Axonal Pathfinding

Synapse Formation and Maturation

Apoptosis

Activity-Guided Neural Development

Socially Guided Neural Development

Filters

Exam 9: Experience-Guided Neural Development

In frogs, the segregation of ocular input to the tectum is mediated by _______ receptors and occurs _______.

Olfactory sensory neurons with a mutation that prevents them from firing action potentials in response to odorants usually do not survive to project to glomeruli because

The effect of neuronal activity on ocular dominance patterns in mammals is mediated by _______ receptors.

What is one effect of strabismus on the visual system?

If a human suffers a hand amputation as an adult, what will happen to the area of the somatosensory cortex that previously received information from the lost hand?

In rats, monkeys, and humans, tactile experiences shape the brain's somatosensory cortex map

Amblyopia, or "lazy eye," can be caused by

In general, how does sensory experience guide neural development? What benefit does this have?

If half of a frog's tectum is lesioned when the optic nerve is cut, the projections from the remaining retinal neurons will innervate _______ to produce a(n) _______ projection on the tectum.

If an amphibian recovering from a severed optic nerve is kept in the dark, the retinal ganglion cells will

What did the results of the "tectal expansion" and "tectal compression" experiments indicate about the chemoaffinity hypothesis? Why might amphibians require this kind of system for retinotectal innervation?

If the right eye of a cat is sutured closed for one month starting at birth,

The results of the three-eyed frog experiment, in which two eyes were made to innervate the same tectum, suggested that

Blocking action potentials with TTX in the retinal ganglion cells of one eye has the same effect as monocular deprivation in development. This suggests that

How do adult humans and amphibians respond differently if vision is reversed either by prism glasses or by surgery?

If a whisker on a newborn mouse is removed, what will happen to the area of the somatosensory cortex that would have received information from that whisker?

Owl tectal neurons respond to auditory cues according to their

Many species that are subject to predation have eyes directed to the sides. In what way does this arrangement make the visual field and the optic nerve fiber tract differ between prey species and predator species? How might this specifically benefit prey and predator species?

Temporary monocular deprivation in the right eye of an 8-week-old cat will result in most visual cortical cells responding

Cell Differentiation and Neural Induction

Development of a Body Pattern

Neurogenesis and Migration

Neural Differentiation

Axonal Pathfinding

Synapse Formation and Maturation

Apoptosis

Activity-Guided Neural Development

Socially Guided Neural Development

Filters

In frogs, the segregation of ocular input to the tectum is mediated by _ receptors and occurs _.

If half of a frog's tectum is lesioned when the optic nerve is cut, the projections from the remaining retinal neurons will innervate _ to produce a(n) _ projection on the tectum.