Question 1

Which of the listed has never been used as a paradigm in psychology ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoanalysis 
B)  Behaviourism 
C)  Constructivism 
D)  Intrapretivism 
A)  Psychoanalysis 
B)  Behaviourism 
C)  Constructivism 
D)  Intrapretivism D

Question 2

Psychologists employ many 'levels of analysis' in their theorising. Some of the most common ones are: the neurophysiological, interpersonal and macro-societal levels. Which other frequently used level of analysis is listed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Statistical 
B)  Intrapsychic 
C)  Psychical 
D)  Paralogical 
A)  Statistical 
B)  Intrapsychic 
C)  Psychical 
D)  Paralogical B

Question 3

How do qualitative researchers traditionally use the concept 'validity'?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is used to reflect the level of agreement that an interpretation of data elicits 
B)  It is used to reflect the extent to which the data agree with the researchers' expectations 
C)  It is used to reflect the extent to which the data correspond to an independent test or criterion 
D)  It is used to reflect the degree to which the findings are popularly believed to be true 
A)  It is used to reflect the level of agreement that an interpretation of data elicits 
B)  It is used to reflect the extent to which the data agree with the researchers' expectations 
C)  It is used to reflect the extent to which the data correspond to an independent test or criterion 
D)  It is used to reflect the degree to which the findings are popularly believed to be true A

Question 4

According to the 12th International Conference on Grey Literature, what is 'grey literature'?

Accepted Answer

A)  Research reports of findings that are controversial 
B)  Research reports that are not commercially published 
C)  Research reports that are old or ageing 
D)  Research reports that are unavailable publicly 
A)  Research reports of findings that are controversial 
B)  Research reports that are not commercially published 
C)  Research reports that are old or ageing 
D)  Research reports that are unavailable publicly

Question 5

Is quantitative research associated with positivism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Always 
B)  Often 
C)  Rarely 
D)  Never 
A)  Always 
B)  Often 
C)  Rarely 
D)  Never

Question 6

Which of the following labels is also used for a 'forest plot'?

Accepted Answer

A)  Histogram 
B)  Branch plot 
C)  Blobbogram 
D)  Flowchart 
A)  Histogram 
B)  Branch plot 
C)  Blobbogram 
D)  Flowchart

Question 7

What is the key distinction between positivism and neo-positivism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neo-positivists reject the importance of critical rationalism 
B)  Neo-positivists challenge the absolute primacy of the senses as a source of knowledge 
C)  Positivists are strongly aligned with the hypothetico-deductive method 
D)  Positivists believe that data are collected to test previously proposed theory 
A)  Neo-positivists reject the importance of critical rationalism 
B)  Neo-positivists challenge the absolute primacy of the senses as a source of knowledge 
C)  Positivists are strongly aligned with the hypothetico-deductive method 
D)  Positivists believe that data are collected to test previously proposed theory

Question 8

What level of measurement are standardised psychological tests assumed to be at?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio 
A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio

Question 9

What is secondary data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Information of limited value 
B)  Information collected as an after thought 
C)  Information collected initially for another purpose 
D)  Data which is discarded after primary analysis 
A)  Information of limited value 
B)  Information collected as an after thought 
C)  Information collected initially for another purpose 
D)  Data which is discarded after primary analysis

Question 10

When researchers first try to specify their research question precisely there are 5 key elements to the strategy they should adopt - 4 of these elements are: define the level of analysis they will use; conduct a literature review; identify the existing theories that are relevant to the research topic; and assess the resource constraints that will limit what questions might be addressed. What is the fifth thing they should do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conduct a pilot study 
B)  State what results they hope to find 
C)  State what hypothesis they will test 
D)  Map the relationships between the facets of the broad issue to be investigated 
A)  Conduct a pilot study 
B)  State what results they hope to find 
C)  State what hypothesis they will test 
D)  Map the relationships between the facets of the broad issue to be investigated

Question 11

Which of the following questions is an ontological question?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is human memory a literal reproduction or a construction of the past? 
B)  What is the nature of knowledge? 
C)  How is knowledge acquired? 
D)  How do we justify our claims to knowledge? 
A)  Is human memory a literal reproduction or a construction of the past? 
B)  What is the nature of knowledge? 
C)  How is knowledge acquired? 
D)  How do we justify our claims to knowledge?

Question 12

In a case study research design, what is the characteristic that differentiates it from other types of research design?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves collecting data from only a single person 
B)  It involves collecting data from a single person on only one occasion 
C)  It involves collecting data from one person or one community 
D)  It involves collecting data from one person on a number of different occasions 
A)  It involves collecting data from only a single person 
B)  It involves collecting data from a single person on only one occasion 
C)  It involves collecting data from one person or one community 
D)  It involves collecting data from one person on a number of different occasions

Question 13

What are multi-method approaches to research?

Accepted Answer

A)  They use a battery of research methods within a single research project 
B)  They involve collaborations with researchers from disciplines outside of psychology 
C)  They use different levels of analysis on the same data 
D)  They rely on 'big data' 
A)  They use a battery of research methods within a single research project 
B)  They involve collaborations with researchers from disciplines outside of psychology 
C)  They use different levels of analysis on the same data 
D)  They rely on 'big data'

Question 14

Once upon a time, a student who conducted a literature review relied solely on information from Wikipedia. Why might this result in her tutor criticising her work?

Accepted Answer

A)  She had not used the primary sources in which the research was published 
B)  She had relied on someone else's summary of the research studies 
C)  Her selection of studies to review was limited to those chosen by someone else 
D)  All of a-c 
A)  She had not used the primary sources in which the research was published 
B)  She had relied on someone else's summary of the research studies 
C)  Her selection of studies to review was limited to those chosen by someone else 
D)  All of a-c

Question 15

If you are doing a piece of research, how should you determine that what you are doing is ethical?

Accepted Answer

A)  Think about whether it accords with your own set of ethical values 
B)  Find out if other researchers have done it in the past 
C)  Do the research and monitor if anyone raises ethical issues 
D)  Get the research design vetted by an ethics committee before commencing to do anything 
A)  Think about whether it accords with your own set of ethical values 
B)  Find out if other researchers have done it in the past 
C)  Do the research and monitor if anyone raises ethical issues 
D)  Get the research design vetted by an ethics committee before commencing to do anything

Question 16

How should the data from pilot studies be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  It should be added to data collected in the main study 
B)  It should be used to examine whether the data elicitation method is effective 
C)  It should be used to determine how to analyse data from the main study 
D)  It should be used to revise the hypothesis to be tested in the main study 
A)  It should be added to data collected in the main study 
B)  It should be used to examine whether the data elicitation method is effective 
C)  It should be used to determine how to analyse data from the main study 
D)  It should be used to revise the hypothesis to be tested in the main study

Question 17

Which of the things listed can a review of published literature not typically help a researcher to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Refine their research question 
B)  Choose a theory to use to explain their results 
C)  Access findings from previous research that were inexplicable 
D)  Discover all the relevant studies that found no statistically significant results 
A)  Refine their research question 
B)  Choose a theory to use to explain their results 
C)  Access findings from previous research that were inexplicable 
D)  Discover all the relevant studies that found no statistically significant results

Question 18

What is a 'research design'?

Accepted Answer

A)  The overall plan for a piece of research before, during and after data collection 
B)  The description of the type of data to be collected in the research 
C)  The method for collecting data 
D)  The way the data collected will be analysed 
A)  The overall plan for a piece of research before, during and after data collection 
B)  The description of the type of data to be collected in the research 
C)  The method for collecting data 
D)  The way the data collected will be analysed

Question 19

Which of these methods is used in systematic literature reviews in qualitative studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meta-narrative 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Idiography 
D)  Randomised 
A)  Meta-narrative 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Idiography 
D)  Randomised

Question 20

Which of these statements best describes what is meant by a 'paradigm' in science?

Accepted Answer

A)  A theory or model 
B)  An example or pattern 
C)  A set of concepts for what are deemed to constitute legitimate contributions to a field 
D)  A specific method 
A)  A theory or model 
B)  An example or pattern 
C)  A set of concepts for what are deemed to constitute legitimate contributions to a field 
D)  A specific method

Which of the listed has never been used as a paradigm in psychology ?

Psychologists employ many 'levels of analysis' in their theorising. Some of the most common ones are: the neurophysiological, interpersonal and macro-societal levels. Which other frequently used level of analysis is listed?

How do qualitative researchers traditionally use the concept 'validity'?

According to the 12^th International Conference on Grey Literature, what is 'grey literature'?

Is quantitative research associated with positivism?

Which of the following labels is also used for a 'forest plot'?

What is the key distinction between positivism and neo-positivism?

What level of measurement are standardised psychological tests assumed to be at?

What is secondary data?

Which of the following questions is an ontological question?

In a case study research design, what is the characteristic that differentiates it from other types of research design?

What are multi-method approaches to research?

Once upon a time, a student who conducted a literature review relied solely on information from Wikipedia. Why might this result in her tutor criticising her work?

If you are doing a piece of research, how should you determine that what you are doing is ethical?

How should the data from pilot studies be used?

Which of the things listed can a review of published literature not typically help a researcher to do?

What is a 'research design'?

Which of these methods is used in systematic literature reviews in qualitative studies?

Which of these statements best describes what is meant by a 'paradigm' in science?

Ethics

Big Questions and New Methods

Capturing and Recording Information

Telling Others About Your Research

Psychology As a Science: What Is Science

Accessing Difficult to Access Information

Quasi-Experimental Designs Including Obervational Methods

Experimental Design

Interviewing and Focus Groups

Descriptive Statistics: Graphical and Numerical Methods

Content Analysis, Thematic Analysis and Discourse Analysis

Self-Report Data

Questionnaire Design

Surveys and Sampling

Inferential Statistics

Factorial Anova

Correlation and Regression

Creating Latent Variables

Filters

Exam 1: Research Questions, Design, Strategy and Choice of Methods

Which of the listed has never been used as a paradigm in psychology ?

Psychologists employ many 'levels of analysis' in their theorising. Some of the most common ones are: the neurophysiological, interpersonal and macro-societal levels. Which other frequently used level of analysis is listed?

How do qualitative researchers traditionally use the concept 'validity'?

According to the 12th International Conference on Grey Literature, what is 'grey literature'?

Is quantitative research associated with positivism?

Which of the following labels is also used for a 'forest plot'?

What is the key distinction between positivism and neo-positivism?

What level of measurement are standardised psychological tests assumed to be at?

What is secondary data?

Which of the following questions is an ontological question?

In a case study research design, what is the characteristic that differentiates it from other types of research design?

What are multi-method approaches to research?

Once upon a time, a student who conducted a literature review relied solely on information from Wikipedia. Why might this result in her tutor criticising her work?

If you are doing a piece of research, how should you determine that what you are doing is ethical?

How should the data from pilot studies be used?

Which of the things listed can a review of published literature not typically help a researcher to do?

What is a 'research design'?

Which of these methods is used in systematic literature reviews in qualitative studies?

Which of these statements best describes what is meant by a 'paradigm' in science?

Ethics

Big Questions and New Methods

Capturing and Recording Information

Telling Others About Your Research

Psychology As a Science: What Is Science

Accessing Difficult to Access Information

Quasi-Experimental Designs Including Obervational Methods

Experimental Design

Interviewing and Focus Groups

Descriptive Statistics: Graphical and Numerical Methods

Content Analysis, Thematic Analysis and Discourse Analysis

Self-Report Data

Questionnaire Design

Surveys and Sampling

Inferential Statistics

Factorial Anova

Correlation and Regression

Creating Latent Variables

Filters

According to the 12^th International Conference on Grey Literature, what is 'grey literature'?