Exam 22: Stigma and Social Identity From Stigma, Erving Goffman

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Erving Goffman identified three types of stigma: 1) abominations of the body, 2) blemishes of individual character, and 3) tribal stigmas.

Being HIV-positive could be considered an example of each type of stigma. First, it could be seen as an abomination of the body because HIV is a virus that affects the physical health of an individual, and historically, people with HIV have been stigmatized and seen as "unclean" or "contaminated."

Second, it could be seen as a blemish of individual character because there is a misconception that HIV is only contracted through "immoral" behavior such as drug use or promiscuity. This stigma places blame on the individual for their condition, leading to discrimination and prejudice.

Lastly, it could be seen as a tribal stigma because HIV is often associated with certain groups or communities, such as the LGBTQ+ community or people who inject drugs. This can lead to social exclusion and discrimination based on group membership.

In summary, being HIV-positive can be considered an example of all three types of stigma identified by Goffman, as it affects the physical body, is associated with negative character judgments, and is linked to specific social groups.