Exam 12: The Urban Ecology of Bias Crime: A Study of Disorganized and Defended Neighborhoods, Ryken Gratte

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Grattet's notion of "defended neighborhoods" is closely connected to the ideas of social disorganization theory and collective efficacy. Social disorganization theory posits that neighborhoods with high levels of poverty, residential mobility, and ethnic heterogeneity are more likely to experience social disorganization, which in turn leads to higher rates of crime and deviant behavior. In contrast, collective efficacy refers to the ability of a community to come together to address common problems and maintain social control.

Grattet's concept of "defended neighborhoods" builds on these ideas by suggesting that certain neighborhoods are able to resist the negative effects of social disorganization and maintain a sense of collective efficacy. These defended neighborhoods are characterized by strong social networks, active community organizations, and a shared commitment to maintaining social order. In these neighborhoods, residents are more likely to intervene in potential acts of deviant behavior and work together to address underlying social problems.

This connection could potentially be made for other types of deviant behavior as well. For example, the concept of defended neighborhoods could also apply to issues such as substance abuse, gang activity, or domestic violence. In each case, the presence of strong social networks and collective efficacy within a neighborhood could help to mitigate the impact of social disorganization and reduce the prevalence of deviant behavior. However, it is important to note that the specific dynamics of each type of deviant behavior may vary, and the effectiveness of defended neighborhoods in addressing these issues would likely depend on a range of contextual factors.