Question 1

Guthrie's theory of learning differed from Thorndike's in that:

Accepted Answer

A) Guthrie minimized associative shifting 
B) Guthrie emphasized trial and error with reinforcement 
C) Guthrie's was a stimulus-response psychology 
D) Guthrie did not accept Thorndike's Law of Effect 
A) Guthrie minimized associative shifting 
B) Guthrie emphasized trial and error with reinforcement 
C) Guthrie's was a stimulus-response psychology 
D) Guthrie did not accept Thorndike's Law of Effect D

Question 2

Guthrie would probably advise the person who has developed many bad habits in a given environment to:

Accepted Answer

A) go to a therapist 
B) go somewhere else 
C) try to understand the habits 
D) go to a clergyman for help 
A) go to a therapist 
B) go somewhere else 
C) try to understand the habits 
D) go to a clergyman for help B

Question 3

Practice is necessary and does improve performance because:

Accepted Answer

A) it expands mental ability 
B) it brings about the attachment of cues to correct movements 
C) nothing is learned in one trial 
D) through practice one gains insight 
A) it expands mental ability 
B) it brings about the attachment of cues to correct movements 
C) nothing is learned in one trial 
D) through practice one gains insight B

Question 4

Which of the following best summarizes Guthrie's theory of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement and punishment 
B) classical conditioning and introspection 
C) contiguity and one trial learning 
D) trial and error learning and associative shifting 
A) reinforcement and punishment 
B) classical conditioning and introspection 
C) contiguity and one trial learning 
D) trial and error learning and associative shifting

Question 5

Guthrie's position on practice was that it:

Accepted Answer

A) proved learning was a gradual process 
B) had no effect on the learning of a skill 
C) associated cues with movements causing proficiency 
D) violated his learning postulate 
A) proved learning was a gradual process 
B) had no effect on the learning of a skill 
C) associated cues with movements causing proficiency 
D) violated his learning postulate

Question 6

According to Guthrie, when a stimulus and a response are first paired the association between the two:

Accepted Answer

A) becomes slightly stronger 
B) is about the same as it was before the pairing 
C) lasts forever 
D) is completely learned and cannot be improved upon 
A) becomes slightly stronger 
B) is about the same as it was before the pairing 
C) lasts forever 
D) is completely learned and cannot be improved upon

Question 7

According to Guthrie all forgetting comes about because of:

Accepted Answer

A) removal of reinforcement 
B) retroactive inhibition 
C) time 
D) all of the above 
A) removal of reinforcement 
B) retroactive inhibition 
C) time 
D) all of the above

Question 8

According to Guthrie, if you want to learn how to fill out tax forms you should:

Accepted Answer

A) fill out tax forms 
B) study mathematics 
C) study any difficult topic and you will be better able to perform on any number of difficult tasks 
D) all of the above 
A) fill out tax forms 
B) study mathematics 
C) study any difficult topic and you will be better able to perform on any number of difficult tasks 
D) all of the above

Question 9

Responses that are conditioned to maintaining stimuli are called:

Accepted Answer

A) motives 
B) intentions 
C) drives 
D) emotions 
A) motives 
B) intentions 
C) drives 
D) emotions

Question 10

Guthrie's theory claims that:

Accepted Answer

A) nothing should ever be forgotten 
B) the larger the reinforcer the more rapid the learning 
C) any change in stimulating conditions would be just as effective as reinforcement 
D) all of the above 
A) nothing should ever be forgotten 
B) the larger the reinforcer the more rapid the learning 
C) any change in stimulating conditions would be just as effective as reinforcement 
D) all of the above

Question 11

Guthrie would advise a student to

Accepted Answer

A) take a "diversity break" before an exam 
B) sidetrack the exam habit 
C) use the threshold method for studying 
D) study in the room where the exam will occur 
A) take a "diversity break" before an exam 
B) sidetrack the exam habit 
C) use the threshold method for studying 
D) study in the room where the exam will occur

Question 12

According to Guthrie, forgetting:

Accepted Answer

A) is a gradual process 
B) does not occur 
C) occurs in one trial 
D) is due to nonreinforcement 
A) is a gradual process 
B) does not occur 
C) occurs in one trial 
D) is due to nonreinforcement

Question 13

Guthrie looked upon "reinforcement" as:

Accepted Answer

A) important because it is a part of the motivational state that causes learning 
B) that which reinforces learning 
C) providing anticipatory responses that cause learning 
D) preventing unlearning by removing the organism from stimuli just prior to the reinforcer 
A) important because it is a part of the motivational state that causes learning 
B) that which reinforces learning 
C) providing anticipatory responses that cause learning 
D) preventing unlearning by removing the organism from stimuli just prior to the reinforcer

Question 14

Which of the following was Guthrie's position on forgetting?

Accepted Answer

A) only instrumental learning can be forgotten 
B) the original law of disuse explains all forgetting 
C) learning is permanent unless interfered with by new learning 
D) Guthrie never stated a position in regard to forgetting 
A) only instrumental learning can be forgotten 
B) the original law of disuse explains all forgetting 
C) learning is permanent unless interfered with by new learning 
D) Guthrie never stated a position in regard to forgetting

Question 15

Guthrie would say that the cigarette habit is difficult to break because:

Accepted Answer

A) people like to smoke 
B) the true reasons for smoking are unconscious 
C) it is associated with so many cues 
D) all people are slightly masochistic 
A) people like to smoke 
B) the true reasons for smoking are unconscious 
C) it is associated with so many cues 
D) all people are slightly masochistic

Question 16

For Guthrie, reinforcement caused:

Accepted Answer

A) faster learning 
B) stronger responses 
C) preservation from unlearning 
D) stimulus-response behavior 
A) faster learning 
B) stronger responses 
C) preservation from unlearning 
D) stimulus-response behavior

Question 17

The essence of Guthrie's theory is:

Accepted Answer

A) responses are learned in one trial when there is contiguity between stimulus and response 
B) the number of pairings of stimulus and response determines learning 
C) trial and error learning 
D) all of the above 
A) responses are learned in one trial when there is contiguity between stimulus and response 
B) the number of pairings of stimulus and response determines learning 
C) trial and error learning 
D) all of the above

Question 18

Guthrie's explanation of chaining emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

A) external stimulation 
B) internal stimulation 
C) internal and external stimulation 
D) thinking 
A) external stimulation 
B) internal stimulation 
C) internal and external stimulation 
D) thinking

Question 19

Which of the following was Guthrie's position on reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) behavior is strengthened by reinforcement 
B) nothing new is added to associative learning by reinforcement except a mechanical arrangement 
C) reinforcement helps the organism associate more closely with the stimuli acting just prior to the reinforcer 
D) reinforcement removes the animal and thus prevents learning 
A) behavior is strengthened by reinforcement 
B) nothing new is added to associative learning by reinforcement except a mechanical arrangement 
C) reinforcement helps the organism associate more closely with the stimuli acting just prior to the reinforcer 
D) reinforcement removes the animal and thus prevents learning

Question 20

A student has forgotten the answer to a test question.According to Guthrie:

Accepted Answer

A) lack of repetition has eliminated the answer from the student's mind 
B) a new pattern of response has been learned and is interfering with the correct response 
C) this indicates that the student never really learned the correct response 
D) the student's competence is questionable 
A) lack of repetition has eliminated the answer from the student's mind 
B) a new pattern of response has been learned and is interfering with the correct response 
C) this indicates that the student never really learned the correct response 
D) the student's competence is questionable

Guthrie's theory of learning differed from Thorndike's in that:

Guthrie would probably advise the person who has developed many bad habits in a given environment to:

Practice is necessary and does improve performance because:

Which of the following best summarizes Guthrie's theory of learning?

Guthrie's position on practice was that it:

According to Guthrie, when a stimulus and a response are first paired the association between the two:

According to Guthrie all forgetting comes about because of:

According to Guthrie, if you want to learn how to fill out tax forms you should:

Responses that are conditioned to maintaining stimuli are called:

Guthrie's theory claims that:

Guthrie would advise a student to

According to Guthrie, forgetting:

Guthrie looked upon "reinforcement" as:

Which of the following was Guthrie's position on forgetting?

Guthrie would say that the cigarette habit is difficult to break because:

For Guthrie, reinforcement caused:

The essence of Guthrie's theory is:

Guthrie's explanation of chaining emphasizes:

Which of the following was Guthrie's position on reinforcement?

A student has forgotten the answer to a test question.According to Guthrie:

What Is Learning?

Approaches to the Study of Learning

Early Notions About Learning

Edward Lee Thorndike

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Clark Leonard Hull

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

William Kaye Estes

Gestalt Theory

Jean Piaget

Edward Chace Tolman

Albert Bandura

Donald Olding Hebb

Robert C. Bolles and Evolutionary Psychology

A Final Word

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Exam 8: Edwin Ray Guthrie

Guthrie's theory of learning differed from Thorndike's in that:

Guthrie would probably advise the person who has developed many bad habits in a given environment to:

Practice is necessary and does improve performance because:

Which of the following best summarizes Guthrie's theory of learning?

Guthrie's position on practice was that it:

According to Guthrie, when a stimulus and a response are first paired the association between the two:

According to Guthrie all forgetting comes about because of:

According to Guthrie, if you want to learn how to fill out tax forms you should:

Responses that are conditioned to maintaining stimuli are called:

Guthrie's theory claims that:

Guthrie would advise a student to

According to Guthrie, forgetting:

Guthrie looked upon "reinforcement" as:

Which of the following was Guthrie's position on forgetting?

Guthrie would say that the cigarette habit is difficult to break because:

For Guthrie, reinforcement caused:

The essence of Guthrie's theory is:

Guthrie's explanation of chaining emphasizes:

Which of the following was Guthrie's position on reinforcement?

A student has forgotten the answer to a test question.According to Guthrie:

What Is Learning?

Approaches to the Study of Learning

Early Notions About Learning

Edward Lee Thorndike

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Clark Leonard Hull

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

William Kaye Estes

Gestalt Theory

Jean Piaget

Edward Chace Tolman

Albert Bandura

Donald Olding Hebb

Robert C. Bolles and Evolutionary Psychology

A Final Word

Filters