Chat with AIExam 5: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment
Briefly sketch the life of Erik Erikson and contrast his theory with Freud's. Discuss Erikson's contribution to psychoanalytic theory and identify the main points of his approach, including a definition of identity crisis and Erikson's conception of the ego. List the stages of personality development according to Erikson's theory and for each stage give an example of the basic crisis involved.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotErik Erikson was a German-American psychologist known for his work in developmental psychology and psychoanalysis. He was born in 1902 and died in 1994. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development expanded on Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory, focusing on the impact of social and cultural factors on individual development.
In contrast to Freud's emphasis on the role of sexual instincts in development, Erikson's theory emphasized the importance of social relationships and the influence of society on personality development. He also introduced the concept of the ego identity, which he defined as a sense of self that is developed through social interaction and exploration of one's own abilities and values.
Erikson's contribution to psychoanalytic theory lies in his emphasis on the role of social and cultural factors in shaping personality, as well as his focus on the entire lifespan, rather than just childhood. He also introduced the concept of the identity crisis, which refers to the internal conflict and confusion that individuals experience when they are exploring and defining their own identity.
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development consists of eight stages, each characterized by a specific crisis or challenge. These stages are:
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy) - the basic crisis involves developing a sense of trust in the world and others.
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (toddlerhood) - the basic crisis involves developing a sense of independence and self-control.
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (preschool) - the basic crisis involves developing a sense of purpose and the ability to initiate activities.
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (school age) - the basic crisis involves developing a sense of competence and mastery.
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence) - the basic crisis involves developing a sense of identity and direction in life.
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood) - the basic crisis involves developing the ability to form intimate relationships.
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood) - the basic crisis involves finding a sense of purpose and contributing to society.
8. Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood) - the basic crisis involves coming to terms with one's life and mortality.
Overall, Erikson's theory of psychosocial development emphasizes the importance of social and cultural factors in shaping personality, and his concept of the identity crisis has had a significant impact on our understanding of human development.
Like Freud's original theory, the neo-Freudian approach can be criticized for
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Evidence for the collective unconscious given by Carl Jung included
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Wanda was the hardest working student in her school. Her constant efforts were rewarded at graduation when she received an award as the university's best math student. She confessed at that time that in elementary school she had failed math and was told by her teacher that she should pick an occupation that did not require her to work with numbers. What might Alfred Adler have said about Wanda?
(32) "There are images in your unconscious that you did not repress. You were born with these unconscious images." Which theorist is most likely to have said this?
(36) To analyze personal narratives, judges may count the number of times certain themes are mentioned.
(34) Phil was often picked on and teased by his parents and other children when growing up. He soon learned to keep people at a distance, to spend most of his time alone. He continued this pattern as an adult, settling on a bookkeeping job that keeps him working in solitude most of the time. Which theorist might use Phil as an example to support part of his or her theory?
(42) Briefly sketch the life of Karen Horney and describe her relationship to Freud. Discuss Horney's contribution to psychoanalytic theory and identify the specific objections she had to Freud's original theory. Explain Horney's conception of neurosis and discuss three general social interaction styles that neurotic people adopt.
(37) Who was the first neo-Freudian theorist to break with Freud?
(27) According to Horney, which of the three interpersonal styles is likely to lead to a successful relationship?
(33) Describe the method of personality assessment known as personal narrative. What are the steps involved in their analysis? Give one neo-Freudian theory for which personal narratives have provided support. List and explain the problems associated with this assessment technique.
(36) Karen Horney made several important early contributions to understanding personality. One significant idea was her view that neurotics are
(28) Erik Erikson observed that overly protective parents hinder the development of a sense of what he called autonomy.
(32) The snake is a universal symbol of evil. This is represented symbolically in art, folklore, and religious stories throughout time and across cultures. Which theorist would consider this observation as evidence to support his theory?
(34) Freud introduced the idea of "penis envy" to explain the personality development of young girls. By introducing the concept of "womb envy," Karen Horney was suggesting that
(37) According to Karen Horney, a person who becomes extremely dependent on other people
(37) Karen Horney's view of personality was that it does not even exist in the absence of interpersonal relations.
(34) Erikson talked about people encountering crises in personality development. Which of the following is correct about his description of a crisis?
(36) Which of the following is the name Alfred Adler gave his approach to personality?
(22) According to Erikson, the principal function of the ego is to
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