Question 1

Women and men differ in the kinds of information they recall. Researchers explain this in terms of differences in the way men and women

Accepted Answer

A)  make an effort to remember. 
B)  form cognitive representations of themselves. 
C)  have been trained to remember information in school. 
D)  mature intellectually. 
A)  make an effort to remember. 
B)  form cognitive representations of themselves. 
C)  have been trained to remember information in school. 
D)  mature intellectually. B

Question 2

The cognitive approach to personality suggests that negative thoughts can

Accepted Answer

A)  be a symptom of depression. 
B)  cause depression. 
C)  be the result of changes in brain receptors. 
D)  be more slowly processed. 
A)  be a symptom of depression. 
B)  cause depression. 
C)  be the result of changes in brain receptors. 
D)  be more slowly processed. B

Question 3

According to negative schema theory, compared to nondepressed people, depressed individuals are more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  generate thoughts that cause them to become depressed. 
B)  change their ideas about who they are and what they want from life. 
C)  have a high self-image that is consistently contradicted by objective facts. 
D)  have experienced trauma in childhood. 
A)  generate thoughts that cause them to become depressed. 
B)  change their ideas about who they are and what they want from life. 
C)  have a high self-image that is consistently contradicted by objective facts. 
D)  have experienced trauma in childhood. A

Question 4

When researchers ask men and women to write descriptions of themselves, women are more likely than men to include statements about

Accepted Answer

A)  where they live. 
B)  their roles as parents and family members. 
C)  their physical appearance. 
D)  their age. 
A)  where they live. 
B)  their roles as parents and family members. 
C)  their physical appearance. 
D)  their age.

Question 5

According to the cognitive approach to depression, processing information through the negative schema causes people to

Accepted Answer

A)  become depressed. 
B)  generate even more depressing thoughts. 
C)  ignore positive information. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  become depressed. 
B)  generate even more depressing thoughts. 
C)  ignore positive information. 
D)  all of the above

Question 6

The cognitive approach maintains that negative thoughts are a symptom of depression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Studies find that women tend to recall more information about ____________ than do men.

Accepted Answer

A)  American history 
B)  emotional experiences 
C)  their childhood 
D)  important issues 
A)  American history 
B)  emotional experiences 
C)  their childhood 
D)  important issues

Question 8

According to cognitive researchers, the happiest people are those who

Accepted Answer

A)  pay attention to negative information so they can deal with it more effectively. 
B)  pay attention to both positive and negative information equally. 
C)  interpret ambiguous information in a positive light. 
D)  are always on the alert for negative information. 
A)  pay attention to negative information so they can deal with it more effectively. 
B)  pay attention to both positive and negative information equally. 
C)  interpret ambiguous information in a positive light. 
D)  are always on the alert for negative information.

Question 9

When investigators looked at the psychological effects of physical and emotion abuse of women, those suffering from deeper depression showed signs of

Accepted Answer

A)  a negative cognitive style. 
B)  curiosity. 
C)  positive emotions beginning to surface after two weeks. 
D)  false interpretations of events since the trauma. 
A)  a negative cognitive style. 
B)  curiosity. 
C)  positive emotions beginning to surface after two weeks. 
D)  false interpretations of events since the trauma.

Question 10

Obtaining a complete understanding of human personality requires that

Accepted Answer

A)  we focus on one or two specific approaches as a maximum. 
B)  we examine every aspect of personality from a biological perspective. 
C)  we focus our attention on the cognitive approach. 
D)  we examine personality from several different perspectives. 
A)  we focus on one or two specific approaches as a maximum. 
B)  we examine every aspect of personality from a biological perspective. 
C)  we focus our attention on the cognitive approach. 
D)  we examine personality from several different perspectives.

Question 11

Researchers asked participants in one study to take photographs to indicate how the participants thought of themselves. The women in the study were more likely than the men to take pictures of themselves that included other people. The findings support the notion that, compared to men, women

Accepted Answer

A)  are more dependent on other people. 
B)  have a larger network of friends. 
C)  are more mature socially. 
D)  are more likely to develop an interdependent self-construal. 
A)  are more dependent on other people. 
B)  have a larger network of friends. 
C)  are more mature socially. 
D)  are more likely to develop an interdependent self-construal.

Question 12

Research on recall for events between men and women has shown that men have better recall of __________ than women.

Accepted Answer

A)  personal events 
B)  sporting events 
C)  impersonal events 
D)  emotional events 
A)  personal events 
B)  sporting events 
C)  impersonal events 
D)  emotional events

Question 13

How does the negative (depressive) schema work? Explain how negative thoughts are related to depressing feelings and contrast the outlook on life between most normal people and depressed individuals.

Accepted Answer

The negative (depressive) schema works b

Question 14

All of the following statements about emotional memories are true except one. Which one is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women attend to emotional information more than men. 
B)  Recalling one sad experience is more likely to trigger another sad memory for women than for men. 
C)  Both happy and sad memories are more accessible for women than men. 
D)  The connections between emotional memories are stronger for men than women. 
A)  Women attend to emotional information more than men. 
B)  Recalling one sad experience is more likely to trigger another sad memory for women than for men. 
C)  Both happy and sad memories are more accessible for women than men. 
D)  The connections between emotional memories are stronger for men than women.

Question 15

Which of the following is false about emotional memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  The links between emotional memories are stronger for men than women. 
B)  Both happy and sad memories are more accessible for women than men. 
C)  Women attend to and process information about emotions more than men. 
D)  Recalling one sad experience is more likely to trigger another sad memory for women than for men. 
A)  The links between emotional memories are stronger for men than women. 
B)  Both happy and sad memories are more accessible for women than men. 
C)  Women attend to and process information about emotions more than men. 
D)  Recalling one sad experience is more likely to trigger another sad memory for women than for men.

Question 16

Researchers have found that prevention programs designed to reduce reactive aggression

Accepted Answer

A)  have generally failed until recently. 
B)  effectively use cognitive (behavior) therapy. 
C)  are successful in reducing antisocial acts like assault. 
D)  only work for very young boys. 
A)  have generally failed until recently. 
B)  effectively use cognitive (behavior) therapy. 
C)  are successful in reducing antisocial acts like assault. 
D)  only work for very young boys.

Question 17

Which of the following have researchers found about negative cognitive style?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is related to depression. 
B)  Processing filters out positive information. 
C)  It tends to identify one's problems with specific events. 
D)  It is a form of negative reinforcement. 
A)  It is related to depression. 
B)  Processing filters out positive information. 
C)  It tends to identify one's problems with specific events. 
D)  It is a form of negative reinforcement.

Question 18

Research comparing the memories of men and women tend to find that

Accepted Answer

A)  men recall more information than women. 
B)  women recall more information than men. 
C)  women recall more information about emotions, whereas men recall more nonemotional information. 
D)  men recall more information about their relationships, whereas women recall more information about emotions. 
A)  men recall more information than women. 
B)  women recall more information than men. 
C)  women recall more information about emotions, whereas men recall more nonemotional information. 
D)  men recall more information about their relationships, whereas women recall more information about emotions.

Question 19

In a study of boys in aggression-provoking situations, such as another student breaking the boy's radio while he is out of town, researchers found that boys with a history of reactive aggression

Accepted Answer

A)  were more likely to interpret the act as intentional. 
B)  were more likely to interpret the act as hostile. 
C)  tended to act more aggressively in response to the act. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  were more likely to interpret the act as intentional. 
B)  were more likely to interpret the act as hostile. 
C)  tended to act more aggressively in response to the act. 
D)  all of the above

Question 20

Depressed patients in one study were asked to recall personal experiences associated with words from a list. The researchers found patients were more likely to recall unhappy experiences when feeling particularly depressed. This finding supports which concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learned helplessness 
B)  Negative schema 
C)  Explanatory style 
D)  Locus of control 
A)  Learned helplessness 
B)  Negative schema 
C)  Explanatory style 
D)  Locus of control

Women and men differ in the kinds of information they recall. Researchers explain this in terms of differences in the way men and women

The cognitive approach to personality suggests that negative thoughts can

According to negative schema theory, compared to nondepressed people, depressed individuals are more likely to

When researchers ask men and women to write descriptions of themselves, women are more likely than men to include statements about

According to the cognitive approach to depression, processing information through the negative schema causes people to

The cognitive approach maintains that negative thoughts are a symptom of depression.

Studies find that women tend to recall more information about ____________ than do men.

According to cognitive researchers, the happiest people are those who

When investigators looked at the psychological effects of physical and emotion abuse of women, those suffering from deeper depression showed signs of

Obtaining a complete understanding of human personality requires that

Researchers asked participants in one study to take photographs to indicate how the participants thought of themselves. The women in the study were more likely than the men to take pictures of themselves that included other people. The findings support the notion that, compared to men, women

Research on recall for events between men and women has shown that men have better recall of __________ than women.

How does the negative (depressive) schema work? Explain how negative thoughts are related to depressing feelings and contrast the outlook on life between most normal people and depressed individuals.

All of the following statements about emotional memories are true except one. Which one is false?

Which of the following is false about emotional memories?

Researchers have found that prevention programs designed to reduce reactive aggression

Which of the following have researchers found about negative cognitive style?

Research comparing the memories of men and women tend to find that

In a study of boys in aggression-provoking situations, such as another student breaking the boy's radio while he is out of town, researchers found that boys with a history of reactive aggression

Depressed patients in one study were asked to recall personal experiences associated with words from a list. The researchers found patients were more likely to recall unhappy experiences when feeling particularly depressed. This finding supports which concept?

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

General Questions

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Exam 16: The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

Women and men differ in the kinds of information they recall. Researchers explain this in terms of differences in the way men and women

The cognitive approach to personality suggests that negative thoughts can

According to negative schema theory, compared to nondepressed people, depressed individuals are more likely to

When researchers ask men and women to write descriptions of themselves, women are more likely than men to include statements about

According to the cognitive approach to depression, processing information through the negative schema causes people to

The cognitive approach maintains that negative thoughts are a symptom of depression.

Studies find that women tend to recall more information about ____________ than do men.

According to cognitive researchers, the happiest people are those who

When investigators looked at the psychological effects of physical and emotion abuse of women, those suffering from deeper depression showed signs of

Obtaining a complete understanding of human personality requires that

Researchers asked participants in one study to take photographs to indicate how the participants thought of themselves. The women in the study were more likely than the men to take pictures of themselves that included other people. The findings support the notion that, compared to men, women

Research on recall for events between men and women has shown that men have better recall of __________ than women.

How does the negative (depressive) schema work? Explain how negative thoughts are related to depressing feelings and contrast the outlook on life between most normal people and depressed individuals.

All of the following statements about emotional memories are true except one. Which one is false?

Which of the following is false about emotional memories?

Researchers have found that prevention programs designed to reduce reactive aggression

Which of the following have researchers found about negative cognitive style?

Research comparing the memories of men and women tend to find that

In a study of boys in aggression-provoking situations, such as another student breaking the boy's radio while he is out of town, researchers found that boys with a history of reactive aggression

Depressed patients in one study were asked to recall personal experiences associated with words from a list. The researchers found patients were more likely to recall unhappy experiences when feeling particularly depressed. This finding supports which concept?

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

General Questions

Filters