Question 1

Chemically,what is the route from genes to their expression?​

Accepted Answer

A) DNA to proteins to RNA 
B) ​DNA to RNA to proteins 
C) ​proteins to DNA to RNA 
D) RNA to DNA to proteins 
A) DNA to proteins to RNA 
B) ​DNA to RNA to proteins 
C) ​proteins to DNA to RNA 
D) RNA to DNA to proteins B

Question 2

The fluid-filled cavity within the neural tube becomes the central canal of the spinal cord and the four ventricles of the brain.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Damage due to stroke caused by ischemia can be minimized by administering a drug that ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) breaks up blood clots 
B) ​overstimulates neurons in and around the damaged area 
C) ​increases the release of glutamate 
D) slows down the sodium-potassium pump 
A) breaks up blood clots 
B) ​overstimulates neurons in and around the damaged area 
C) ​increases the release of glutamate 
D) slows down the sodium-potassium pump A

Question 4

Which of the following are selective as axons form synapses with target cells?​

Accepted Answer

A) axons, but not target cells 
B) ​target cells, but not axons 
C) ​both axons and target cells 
D) neither axons nor target cells 
A) axons, but not target cells 
B) ​target cells, but not axons 
C) ​both axons and target cells 
D) neither axons nor target cells

Question 5

Sex-limited genes are found on ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) X chromosomes only 
B) ​Y chromosomes only 
C) ​X and Y chromosomes 
D) any chromosomes 
A) X chromosomes only 
B) ​Y chromosomes only 
C) ​X and Y chromosomes 
D) any chromosomes

Question 6

Which treatment would be most likely to help a patient starting it several days after a stroke?​

Accepted Answer

A) injecting a drug to block dopamine 
B) ​administering tranquilizers 
C) ​extensive bed rest 
D) giving stimulant drugs combined with physical therapy 
A) injecting a drug to block dopamine 
B) ​administering tranquilizers 
C) ​extensive bed rest 
D) giving stimulant drugs combined with physical therapy

Question 7

Acetylcholine (ACh)is synthesized from​

Accepted Answer

A) acetyl coenzyme A, usually found in dietary fats, and choline, a substance formed by the actions of mitochondria within cells. 
B) ​choline from dietary fats and acetyl coenzyme A, both of which are acted on by choline acetyltransferase. 
C) ​the amino acid tyrosine, synthesized from the phenylalanine found in foods. 
D) tryptophans, amino acids found in chocolate, milk, and poultry. 
A) acetyl coenzyme A, usually found in dietary fats, and choline, a substance formed by the actions of mitochondria within cells. 
B) ​choline from dietary fats and acetyl coenzyme A, both of which are acted on by choline acetyltransferase. 
C) ​the amino acid tyrosine, synthesized from the phenylalanine found in foods. 
D) tryptophans, amino acids found in chocolate, milk, and poultry.

Question 8

After damage to a set of axons,neurotrophins induce nearby ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) injured axons to form new branches 
B) ​injured dendrites to form new branches 
C) ​uninjured axons to form new branches 
D) uninjured dendrites to form new branches 
A) injured axons to form new branches 
B) ​injured dendrites to form new branches 
C) ​uninjured axons to form new branches 
D) uninjured dendrites to form new branches

Question 9

What is signaled by nerve growth factor (NGF)?​

Accepted Answer

A) That a target cell has "accepted" an axon 
B) ​Which target cell a growing axon should connect with 
C) ​That axons should elongate as the body grows bigger 
D) The need for new neurons to form in brain areas that are lacking in neurons 
A) That a target cell has "accepted" an axon 
B) ​Which target cell a growing axon should connect with 
C) ​That axons should elongate as the body grows bigger 
D) The need for new neurons to form in brain areas that are lacking in neurons

Question 10

Describe Lamarckian evolution and the evidence for or against it.​

Accepted Answer

You may have heard people say something

Question 11

Closed head injury results in damage partially because of ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) increased production of myelin 
B) ​excessive deficit of neurotrophins 
C) ​rotational forces that push the brain against the inside of the skull 
D) infection 
A) increased production of myelin 
B) ​excessive deficit of neurotrophins 
C) ​rotational forces that push the brain against the inside of the skull 
D) infection

Question 12

A strand of DNA serves as a template (model)for the synthesis of ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) chromosomes 
B) ​RNA 
C) ​Proteins 
D) Carbohydrates 
A) chromosomes 
B) ​RNA 
C) ​Proteins 
D) Carbohydrates

Question 13

Necrosis ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) is a programmed mechanism of cell death 
B) ​is cell death caused by an injury or a toxic substance 
C) ​promotes the survival and growth of dendrites 
D) promotes the activity of neurons 
A) is a programmed mechanism of cell death 
B) ​is cell death caused by an injury or a toxic substance 
C) ​promotes the survival and growth of dendrites 
D) promotes the activity of neurons

Question 14

Apoptosis is distinct from necrosis,which is death caused by an injury or a toxic substance.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Chemicals in the amphibian tectum guide the growth of axons from the retina to their correct location in the tectum by ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) having dozens of different growth factors 
B) ​using an electrical gradient 
C) ​using a chemical gradient 
D) glial cell transportation 
A) having dozens of different growth factors 
B) ​using an electrical gradient 
C) ​using a chemical gradient 
D) glial cell transportation

Question 16

Given the characteristics of small-molecule transmitters and neuropeptides,we can conclude that small-molecule transmitters​

Accepted Answer

A) are well-suited to roles as neurotransmitters, whereas neuropeptides are well-suited to roles as neuromodulators. 
B) ​are well-suited to roles as neuromodulators, whereas neuropeptides are well-suited to roles as neurotransmitters. 
C) ​and neuropeptides are equally well-suited to be either neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. 
D) and neuropeptides frequently act as neuromodulators and neurohormones, but rarely function as neurotransmitters. 
A) are well-suited to roles as neurotransmitters, whereas neuropeptides are well-suited to roles as neuromodulators. 
B) ​are well-suited to roles as neuromodulators, whereas neuropeptides are well-suited to roles as neurotransmitters. 
C) ​and neuropeptides are equally well-suited to be either neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. 
D) and neuropeptides frequently act as neuromodulators and neurohormones, but rarely function as neurotransmitters.

Question 17

Which pair of sex chromosomes is found in a normal male mammal?​

Accepted Answer

A) XX 
B) ​XY 
C) ​YY 
D) YZ 
A) XX 
B) ​XY 
C) ​YY 
D) YZ

Question 18

Group selection works well as an explanation for human behavior because humans ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) can expel uncooperative individuals from groups 
B) ​are a highly social species who emphasize groups 
C) ​can make rational choices about mate selection 
D) benefit from living in groups 
A) can expel uncooperative individuals from groups 
B) ​are a highly social species who emphasize groups 
C) ​can make rational choices about mate selection 
D) benefit from living in groups

Question 19

Which statement most accurately describes embryonic development of the nervous system in humans?

Accepted Answer

A) The majority of cells remain as primitive neurons until birth. 
B) ​All synapses that are formed are permanent. 
C) ​Neurons form before birth; synapses form after birth. 
D) Far more neurons are produced than will ultimately survive. 
A) The majority of cells remain as primitive neurons until birth. 
B) ​All synapses that are formed are permanent. 
C) ​Neurons form before birth; synapses form after birth. 
D) Far more neurons are produced than will ultimately survive.

Question 20

The function of neurotrophins is to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) inhibit proliferation 
B) ​promote survival of axons 
C) ​be used as fuel 
D) signal that an axon has been "rejected." 
A) inhibit proliferation 
B) ​promote survival of axons 
C) ​be used as fuel 
D) signal that an axon has been "rejected."

Chemically,what is the route from genes to their expression?

The fluid-filled cavity within the neural tube becomes the central canal of the spinal cord and the four ventricles of the brain.

Damage due to stroke caused by ischemia can be minimized by administering a drug that ____.

Which of the following are selective as axons form synapses with target cells?

Sex-limited genes are found on ____.

Which treatment would be most likely to help a patient starting it several days after a stroke?

Acetylcholine (ACh)is synthesized from

After damage to a set of axons,neurotrophins induce nearby ____.

What is signaled by nerve growth factor (NGF)?

Describe Lamarckian evolution and the evidence for or against it.

Closed head injury results in damage partially because of ____.

A strand of DNA serves as a template (model)for the synthesis of ____.

Necrosis ____.

Apoptosis is distinct from necrosis,which is death caused by an injury or a toxic substance.

Chemicals in the amphibian tectum guide the growth of axons from the retina to their correct location in the tectum by ____.

Given the characteristics of small-molecule transmitters and neuropeptides,we can conclude that small-molecule transmitters

Which pair of sex chromosomes is found in a normal male mammal?

Group selection works well as an explanation for human behavior because humans ____.

Which statement most accurately describes embryonic development of the nervous system in humans?

The function of neurotrophins is to ____.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 4: Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity