Question 1

​What does the phrase "all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex behaviors such as learning" define?

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) ​classical conditioning 
C) ​equipotentiality 
D) mass action 
A) operant conditioning 
B) ​classical conditioning 
C) ​equipotentiality 
D) mass action C

Question 2

​Briefly describe how LTP occurs,including how glutamate and its receptors are involved.

Accepted Answer

​LTP begins with the rapid stimulation of a dendrite,for several seconds.Release of glutamate stimulates AMPA receptors that depolarize the membrane.Then,NMDA receptors become responsive to glutamate and calcium enters the cell to activate CaMKII,which produces a series of cellular changes that maintain LTP.

Question 3

​Alzheimer's is associated with brain damage as a result of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) loss of the fibers connecting the substantia nigra to the basal ganglia 
B) loss of cell bodies in the dorsomedial thalamus​ 
C) tangles and plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus​ 
D) an epileptic focus in the temporal lobe of the cortex​ 
A) loss of the fibers connecting the substantia nigra to the basal ganglia 
B) loss of cell bodies in the dorsomedial thalamus​ 
C) tangles and plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus​ 
D) an epileptic focus in the temporal lobe of the cortex​ C

Question 4

​A burst of intense stimulation to a dendrite by one or more axons connected to it in a rapid series can be described as the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) long-term potentiation of the cell's response to stimuli 
B) long-term inhibition of the cell's response to stimuli​ 
C) potentiation of the cell's response to stimuli for a few seconds​ 
D) inhibition of the cell's response to stimuli for a few seconds​ 
A) long-term potentiation of the cell's response to stimuli 
B) long-term inhibition of the cell's response to stimuli​ 
C) potentiation of the cell's response to stimuli for a few seconds​ 
D) inhibition of the cell's response to stimuli for a few seconds​

Question 5

​In searching for the engram,Karl Lashley found that removal of larger areas of cortex resulted in the greatest impairment of memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

​Individuals with Korsakoff's syndrome are similar to people with damage to the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) amygdala 
B) prefrontal cortex​ 
C) hippocampus​ 
D) hypothalamus​ 
A) amygdala 
B) prefrontal cortex​ 
C) hippocampus​ 
D) hypothalamus​

Question 7

​When Penfield stimulated the temporal cortex of alert and awake brain surgery patients,he found that they ____.

Accepted Answer

A) went into spastic convulsions 
B) remembered specific events from earlier in their lives in great detail​ 
C) lost all memory for events during and shortly preceding the stimulation​ 
D) had a dream-like experience​ 
A) went into spastic convulsions 
B) remembered specific events from earlier in their lives in great detail​ 
C) lost all memory for events during and shortly preceding the stimulation​ 
D) had a dream-like experience​

Question 8

​Lashley trained rats on a variety of mazes,then made deep cuts in their cortexes.He found that the cuts produced ____.

Accepted Answer

A) a temporary impairment 
B) ​a permanent impairment 
C) ​day-to-day fluctuations in performance 
D) little apparent effect 
A) a temporary impairment 
B) ​a permanent impairment 
C) ​day-to-day fluctuations in performance 
D) little apparent effect

Question 9

​There is compelling evidence for the role of the hippocampus in ____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A) short term 
B) ​implicit 
C) ​spatial 
D) auditory 
A) short term 
B) ​implicit 
C) ​spatial 
D) auditory

Question 10

​Damage to the ____ produces symptoms similar to Korsakoff's syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A) prefrontal cortex 
B) basal ganglia​ 
C) occipital cortex​ 
D) precentral gyrus​ 
A) prefrontal cortex 
B) basal ganglia​ 
C) occipital cortex​ 
D) precentral gyrus​

Question 11

​A distinctive symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) tremors 
B) ​dementia 
C) ​memory loss 
D) confabulation 
A) tremors 
B) ​dementia 
C) ​memory loss 
D) confabulation

Question 12

​What is a major advantage of Aplysia for studies on the physiology of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Their memories are more permanent than those of vertebrates. 
B) ​There are no differences between one neuron and another. 
C) ​There is great similarity of nervous system anatomy from one individual to another. 
D) They have only one type of learning. 
A) Their memories are more permanent than those of vertebrates. 
B) ​There are no differences between one neuron and another. 
C) ​There is great similarity of nervous system anatomy from one individual to another. 
D) They have only one type of learning.

Question 13

​A distinctive symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is confabulation,in which patients guess to fill in memory gaps.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

​What is confabulation?

Accepted Answer

A) confusing a made-up answer as a memory of an actual experience 
B) ​having the two sides of the body working antagonistically 
C) ​confusing procedural memory for declarative memory 
D) remembering names, but being unable to put them with a face 
A) confusing a made-up answer as a memory of an actual experience 
B) ​having the two sides of the body working antagonistically 
C) ​confusing procedural memory for declarative memory 
D) remembering names, but being unable to put them with a face

Question 15

​The most common treatment for Alzheimer's disease is to give drugs that stimulate ____.

Accepted Answer

A) dopamine receptors 
B) acetylcholine receptors​ 
C) tau receptors​ 
D) GABA receptors​ 
A) dopamine receptors 
B) acetylcholine receptors​ 
C) tau receptors​ 
D) GABA receptors​

Question 16

​Nearly simultaneous stimulation by two or more axons produces LTP,whereas stimulation by just one produces it weakly,if at all.This is known as the property of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) specificity 
B) cooperativity​ 
C) associativity​ 
D) LTD​ 
A) specificity 
B) cooperativity​ 
C) associativity​ 
D) LTD​

Question 17

​Habituation and sensitization differ depending upon whether ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the effect is retroactive or proactive 
B) the response grows weaker or stronger​ 
C) the animal's behavior changes or fails to change​ 
D) it occurs in all species or just mammals​ 
A) the effect is retroactive or proactive 
B) the response grows weaker or stronger​ 
C) the animal's behavior changes or fails to change​ 
D) it occurs in all species or just mammals​

Question 18

​H.M.was unable to form any kind of new memories after his surgery.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

​____ is an influence of recent experience on behavior,even if one does not recognize that influence.

Accepted Answer

A) Priming 
B) Explicit memory​ 
C) Procedural memory​ 
D) Implicit memory​ 
A) Priming 
B) Explicit memory​ 
C) Procedural memory​ 
D) Implicit memory​

Question 20

​Eye-blink conditioning depends on the lateral interpositus nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What does the phrase "all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex behaviors such as learning" define?

Briefly describe how LTP occurs,including how glutamate and its receptors are involved.

Alzheimer's is associated with brain damage as a result of ____.

A burst of intense stimulation to a dendrite by one or more axons connected to it in a rapid series can be described as the ____.

In searching for the engram,Karl Lashley found that removal of larger areas of cortex resulted in the greatest impairment of memory.

Individuals with Korsakoff's syndrome are similar to people with damage to the ____.

When Penfield stimulated the temporal cortex of alert and awake brain surgery patients,he found that they ____.

Lashley trained rats on a variety of mazes,then made deep cuts in their cortexes.He found that the cuts produced ____.

There is compelling evidence for the role of the hippocampus in ____ memory.

Damage to the ____ produces symptoms similar to Korsakoff's syndrome.

A distinctive symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is ____.

What is a major advantage of Aplysia for studies on the physiology of learning?

A distinctive symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is confabulation,in which patients guess to fill in memory gaps.

What is confabulation?

The most common treatment for Alzheimer's disease is to give drugs that stimulate ____.

Nearly simultaneous stimulation by two or more axons produces LTP,whereas stimulation by just one produces it weakly,if at all.This is known as the property of ____.

Habituation and sensitization differ depending upon whether ____.

H.M.was unable to form any kind of new memories after his surgery.

____ is an influence of recent experience on behavior,even if one does not recognize that influence.

Eye-blink conditioning depends on the lateral interpositus nucleus.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 12: The Biology of Learning and Memory

​What does the phrase "all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex behaviors such as learning" define?

​Briefly describe how LTP occurs,including how glutamate and its receptors are involved.

​Alzheimer's is associated with brain damage as a result of ____.

​A burst of intense stimulation to a dendrite by one or more axons connected to it in a rapid series can be described as the ____.

​In searching for the engram,Karl Lashley found that removal of larger areas of cortex resulted in the greatest impairment of memory.

​Individuals with Korsakoff's syndrome are similar to people with damage to the ____.

​When Penfield stimulated the temporal cortex of alert and awake brain surgery patients,he found that they ____.

​Lashley trained rats on a variety of mazes,then made deep cuts in their cortexes.He found that the cuts produced ____.

​There is compelling evidence for the role of the hippocampus in ____ memory.

​Damage to the ____ produces symptoms similar to Korsakoff's syndrome.

​A distinctive symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is ____.

​What is a major advantage of Aplysia for studies on the physiology of learning?

​A distinctive symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is confabulation,in which patients guess to fill in memory gaps.

​What is confabulation?

​The most common treatment for Alzheimer's disease is to give drugs that stimulate ____.

​Nearly simultaneous stimulation by two or more axons produces LTP,whereas stimulation by just one produces it weakly,if at all.This is known as the property of ____.

​Habituation and sensitization differ depending upon whether ____.

​H.M.was unable to form any kind of new memories after his surgery.

​____ is an influence of recent experience on behavior,even if one does not recognize that influence.

​Eye-blink conditioning depends on the lateral interpositus nucleus.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

What does the phrase "all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex behaviors such as learning" define?

Briefly describe how LTP occurs,including how glutamate and its receptors are involved.

Alzheimer's is associated with brain damage as a result of ____.

A burst of intense stimulation to a dendrite by one or more axons connected to it in a rapid series can be described as the ____.

In searching for the engram,Karl Lashley found that removal of larger areas of cortex resulted in the greatest impairment of memory.

Individuals with Korsakoff's syndrome are similar to people with damage to the ____.

When Penfield stimulated the temporal cortex of alert and awake brain surgery patients,he found that they ____.

Lashley trained rats on a variety of mazes,then made deep cuts in their cortexes.He found that the cuts produced ____.

There is compelling evidence for the role of the hippocampus in ____ memory.

Damage to the ____ produces symptoms similar to Korsakoff's syndrome.

A distinctive symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is ____.

What is a major advantage of Aplysia for studies on the physiology of learning?

A distinctive symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is confabulation,in which patients guess to fill in memory gaps.

What is confabulation?

The most common treatment for Alzheimer's disease is to give drugs that stimulate ____.

Nearly simultaneous stimulation by two or more axons produces LTP,whereas stimulation by just one produces it weakly,if at all.This is known as the property of ____.

Habituation and sensitization differ depending upon whether ____.

H.M.was unable to form any kind of new memories after his surgery.

____ is an influence of recent experience on behavior,even if one does not recognize that influence.

Eye-blink conditioning depends on the lateral interpositus nucleus.