Question 1

According to the all-or-none law,____.​

Accepted Answer

A) all neurons produce an action potential at the same time or none at all 
B) ​all of the extracellular sodium enters the axon, or none at all 
C) ​once an axon reaches threshold, the amplitude and velocity of an action potential are nearly equal each time 
D) neurons are either active all the time or not at all 
A) all neurons produce an action potential at the same time or none at all 
B) ​all of the extracellular sodium enters the axon, or none at all 
C) ​once an axon reaches threshold, the amplitude and velocity of an action potential are nearly equal each time 
D) neurons are either active all the time or not at all C

Question 2

The branching fibers that form the information-receiving pole of the nerve cells are called _____.​

Accepted Answer

A) motor neurons 
B) ​dendrites 
C) ​sensory neurons 
D) axons 
A) motor neurons 
B) ​dendrites 
C) ​sensory neurons 
D) axons B

Question 3

Radial glia ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) guide the migration of neurons during embryonic development 
B) ​synchronize the activity of axons 
C) ​wrap around the presynaptic terminals of several axons 
D) build the myelin sheaths that surround and insulate certain axons 
A) guide the migration of neurons during embryonic development 
B) ​synchronize the activity of axons 
C) ​wrap around the presynaptic terminals of several axons 
D) build the myelin sheaths that surround and insulate certain axons A

Question 4

Why does the brain need thiamine?​

Accepted Answer

A) to enable glucose to cross the blood-brain barrier 
B) ​as a source of fuel in case there is not enough glucose 
C) ​as a building block for making proteins 
D) to enable it to metabolize glucose 
A) to enable glucose to cross the blood-brain barrier 
B) ​as a source of fuel in case there is not enough glucose 
C) ​as a building block for making proteins 
D) to enable it to metabolize glucose

Question 5

At what point do the sodium gates begin to close,shutting out further entry of sodium into the cell?​

Accepted Answer

A) at the peak of the action potential 
B) ​when the threshold is reached 
C) ​at the end of the relative refractory period 
D) when the concentration gradient for sodium is eliminated 
A) at the peak of the action potential 
B) ​when the threshold is reached 
C) ​at the end of the relative refractory period 
D) when the concentration gradient for sodium is eliminated

Question 6

Many dendrites contain short outgrowths called spines that _____.​

Accepted Answer

A) increase the surface area available for synapses 
B) ​increase the speed of transmission 
C) ​eliminate cell waste products 
D) increase the symmetry of the cel. 
A) increase the surface area available for synapses 
B) ​increase the speed of transmission 
C) ​eliminate cell waste products 
D) increase the symmetry of the cel.

Question 7

Which of the following describes selective permeability?​

Accepted Answer

A) Ions can only travel in certain directions across the membrane. 
B) ​Only certain molecules are allowed to cross the membrane freely. 
C) ​Only certain types of stimulation will result in an action potential. 
D) All molecules must pass through designated channels. 
A) Ions can only travel in certain directions across the membrane. 
B) ​Only certain molecules are allowed to cross the membrane freely. 
C) ​Only certain types of stimulation will result in an action potential. 
D) All molecules must pass through designated channels.

Question 8

Increasing the electrical gradient for potassium will reduce the tendency for potassium ions to exit the neuron.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Voltage-activated channels are channels for which a change in the voltage across the membrane alters their ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) permeability 
B) ​length 
C) ​number 
D) threshold 
A) permeability 
B) ​length 
C) ​number 
D) threshold

Question 10

When the neuronal membrane is at rest,the sodium channels ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) permit sodium ions to pass quickly and easily 
B) ​are at equilibrium with potassium channels 
C) ​are closed, so there is almost no flow of sodium 
D) allow sodium to leak out as a steady, continuous drip 
A) permit sodium ions to pass quickly and easily 
B) ​are at equilibrium with potassium channels 
C) ​are closed, so there is almost no flow of sodium 
D) allow sodium to leak out as a steady, continuous drip

Question 11

Glial cells ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) are less numerous than neurons in the human brain. 
B) ​transmit information over long distances within the central nervous system. 
C) ​occupy about ten times more space in the brain than do neurons. 
D) are smaller but more numerous than neurons in the human brain. 
A) are less numerous than neurons in the human brain. 
B) ​transmit information over long distances within the central nervous system. 
C) ​occupy about ten times more space in the brain than do neurons. 
D) are smaller but more numerous than neurons in the human brain.

Question 12

A presynaptic terminal is also known as ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) an end bulb 
B) ​a node of Ranvier 
C) ​myelin 
D) a spine 
A) an end bulb 
B) ​a node of Ranvier 
C) ​myelin 
D) a spine

Question 13

Under which conditions would the sodium-potassium pump likely be far less effective in creating a concentration gradient?​

Accepted Answer

A) if dendrites were generally longer than axons 
B) ​if the glia-to-neuron ratio were higher 
C) ​if selective permeability of the membrane did not exist 
D) if it were an active transport system that required energy 
A) if dendrites were generally longer than axons 
B) ​if the glia-to-neuron ratio were higher 
C) ​if selective permeability of the membrane did not exist 
D) if it were an active transport system that required energy

Question 14

Explain the function and process of a neuron's refractory period.​

Accepted Answer

Although the electrical potential across

Question 15

Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) temperature 
B) ​shape 
C) ​osmotic pressure 
D) mitochondria 
A) temperature 
B) ​shape 
C) ​osmotic pressure 
D) mitochondria

Question 16

The function of a myelin sheath is to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) prevent action potentials from traveling in the wrong direction 
B) ​increase the velocity of transmission along an axon 
C) ​increase the magnitude of an action potential 
D) provide a store of nutrients for the neuron 
A) prevent action potentials from traveling in the wrong direction 
B) ​increase the velocity of transmission along an axon 
C) ​increase the magnitude of an action potential 
D) provide a store of nutrients for the neuron

Question 17

At the peak of the action potential,the electrical gradient of potassium ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) is the same as during the resting potential 
B) ​pulls sodium into the cell 
C) ​pushes potassium out of the cell 
D) pulls potassium into the cell 
A) is the same as during the resting potential 
B) ​pulls sodium into the cell 
C) ​pushes potassium out of the cell 
D) pulls potassium into the cell

Question 18

Describe the key aspects of the resting potential.​

Accepted Answer

All parts of a neuron are covered by a m

Question 19

An efferent axon carries information away from a structure.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A prolonged increase in the permeability of the membrane to sodium ions would interfere with a neuron's ability to have an action potential.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

According to the all-or-none law,____.

The branching fibers that form the information-receiving pole of the nerve cells are called _____.

Radial glia ____.

Why does the brain need thiamine?

At what point do the sodium gates begin to close,shutting out further entry of sodium into the cell?

Many dendrites contain short outgrowths called spines that _____.

Which of the following describes selective permeability?

Increasing the electrical gradient for potassium will reduce the tendency for potassium ions to exit the neuron.

Voltage-activated channels are channels for which a change in the voltage across the membrane alters their ____.

When the neuronal membrane is at rest,the sodium channels ____.

Glial cells ____.

A presynaptic terminal is also known as ____.

Under which conditions would the sodium-potassium pump likely be far less effective in creating a concentration gradient?

Explain the function and process of a neuron's refractory period.

Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their ____.

The function of a myelin sheath is to ____.

At the peak of the action potential,the electrical gradient of potassium ____.

Describe the key aspects of the resting potential.

An efferent axon carries information away from a structure.

A prolonged increase in the permeability of the membrane to sodium ions would interfere with a neuron's ability to have an action potential.

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

According to the all-or-none law,____.​

The branching fibers that form the information-receiving pole of the nerve cells are called _____.​

Radial glia ____.​

Why does the brain need thiamine?​

At what point do the sodium gates begin to close,shutting out further entry of sodium into the cell?​

Many dendrites contain short outgrowths called spines that _____.​

Which of the following describes selective permeability?​

Increasing the electrical gradient for potassium will reduce the tendency for potassium ions to exit the neuron.​

Voltage-activated channels are channels for which a change in the voltage across the membrane alters their ____.​

When the neuronal membrane is at rest,the sodium channels ____.​

Glial cells ____.​

A presynaptic terminal is also known as ____.​

Under which conditions would the sodium-potassium pump likely be far less effective in creating a concentration gradient?​

Explain the function and process of a neuron's refractory period.​

Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their ____.​

The function of a myelin sheath is to ____.​

At the peak of the action potential,the electrical gradient of potassium ____.​

Describe the key aspects of the resting potential.​

An efferent axon carries information away from a structure.​

A prolonged increase in the permeability of the membrane to sodium ions would interfere with a neuron's ability to have an action potential.​

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

According to the all-or-none law,____.

The branching fibers that form the information-receiving pole of the nerve cells are called _____.

Radial glia ____.

Why does the brain need thiamine?

At what point do the sodium gates begin to close,shutting out further entry of sodium into the cell?

Many dendrites contain short outgrowths called spines that _____.

Which of the following describes selective permeability?

Increasing the electrical gradient for potassium will reduce the tendency for potassium ions to exit the neuron.

Voltage-activated channels are channels for which a change in the voltage across the membrane alters their ____.

When the neuronal membrane is at rest,the sodium channels ____.

Glial cells ____.

A presynaptic terminal is also known as ____.

Under which conditions would the sodium-potassium pump likely be far less effective in creating a concentration gradient?

Explain the function and process of a neuron's refractory period.

Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their ____.

The function of a myelin sheath is to ____.

At the peak of the action potential,the electrical gradient of potassium ____.

Describe the key aspects of the resting potential.

An efferent axon carries information away from a structure.

A prolonged increase in the permeability of the membrane to sodium ions would interfere with a neuron's ability to have an action potential.