Question 1

Use a Venn diagram to evaluate the following argument: "Some fruits are apples. Some apples are red. So, some fruits are red." This argument is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  invalid and has at least one false premise 
B)  valid and has true premises 
C)  valid but has false premises 
D)  invalid but has true premises and a false conclusion 
E)  None of the answers are correct 
A)  invalid and has at least one false premise 
B)  valid and has true premises 
C)  valid but has false premises 
D)  invalid but has true premises and a false conclusion 
E)  None of the answers are correct

Question 2

In the English language, the phrases "only," "only if," and "if only" are interchangeable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In a Venn diagram, placing an X precisely on the line between Area 1 and Area 2 means that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  neither Area 1 nor Area 2 is empty 
B)  None of the answers are correct 
C)  both Area 1 and Area 2 are empty 
D)  we can't tell whether the class of things signified by X belongs in Area 1 or in Area 2 
A)  neither Area 1 nor Area 2 is empty 
B)  None of the answers are correct 
C)  both Area 1 and Area 2 are empty 
D)  we can't tell whether the class of things signified by X belongs in Area 1 or in Area 2

Question 4

In a Venn diagram, a shaded area means that the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  area is empty or has no members 
B)  None of the answers are correct 
C)  area is not empty but has at least one member 
D)  area is indeterminate 
A)  area is empty or has no members 
B)  None of the answers are correct 
C)  area is not empty but has at least one member 
D)  area is indeterminate

Question 5

Use a Venn diagram to evaluate the following argument: "No Presidents have been Popes. Hilary Clinton is not the U.S. President. So, Hilary Clinton is not the Pope." This argument is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  valid and has true premises 
B)  invalid but has true premises and a true conclusion 
C)  invalid and has at least one false premise 
D)  None of the answers are correct 
E)  valid but has true premises and a false conclusion 
A)  valid and has true premises 
B)  invalid but has true premises and a true conclusion 
C)  invalid and has at least one false premise 
D)  None of the answers are correct 
E)  valid but has true premises and a false conclusion

Question 6

In categorical logic, the statement "Some dogs are mammals" can be interpreted as "All dogs are mammals."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In logic, "some" always means "_____."

Accepted Answer

A)  a few 
B)  many 
C)  at least one 
D)  at least one but not all 
A)  a few 
B)  many 
C)  at least one 
D)  at least one but not all

Question 8

Consider the following Venn diagram:
  Which of the following statements best describes what this diagram conveys?

Accepted Answer

A)  "All musicians are talented individuals." 
B)  "Some musicians are talented individuals." 
C)  None of the answers are correct. 
D)  "No musicians are talented individuals." 
E)  "Some musicians are not talented individuals." 
A)  "All musicians are talented individuals." 
B)  "Some musicians are talented individuals." 
C)  None of the answers are correct. 
D)  "No musicians are talented individuals." 
E)  "Some musicians are not talented individuals."

Question 9

Which of the following is a rule of thumb for translating categorical statements containing the words "only," "only if," and "the only" into standard categorical form?

Accepted Answer

A)  If "the only" occurs in the middle of a sentence, the subject and predicate terms should generally be reversed. 
B)  If "only if" occurs at the beginning of a sentence, the subject and predicate terms should generally not be reversed. 
C)  If "only if" occurs in the middle of a sentence, the subject and predicate terms should generally be reversed. 
D)  If "only" occurs at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, the subject and predicate terms should never be reversed. 
A)  If "the only" occurs in the middle of a sentence, the subject and predicate terms should generally be reversed. 
B)  If "only if" occurs at the beginning of a sentence, the subject and predicate terms should generally not be reversed. 
C)  If "only if" occurs in the middle of a sentence, the subject and predicate terms should generally be reversed. 
D)  If "only" occurs at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, the subject and predicate terms should never be reversed.

Question 10

If I say it's true that "All of Santa's reindeer can fly," I am committed to saying it's true that Santa exists and has flying reindeer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Use a Venn diagram to evaluate the following argument: "No penguins can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, some birds cannot fly." This argument is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  valid and has true premises 
B)  invalid but has true premises and a true conclusion 
C)  invalid and has at least one false premise 
D)  None of the answers are correct 
E)  valid but has false premises 
A)  valid and has true premises 
B)  invalid but has true premises and a true conclusion 
C)  invalid and has at least one false premise 
D)  None of the answers are correct 
E)  valid but has false premises

Question 12

Consider the following Venn diagram:
  Which of the following statements best describes what this diagram conveys?

Accepted Answer

A)  "All musicians are talented individuals." 
B)  "Some musicians are talented individuals." 
C)  "No musicians are talented individuals." 
D)  None of the answers are correct. 
E)  "Some musicians are not talented individuals." 
A)  "All musicians are talented individuals." 
B)  "Some musicians are talented individuals." 
C)  "No musicians are talented individuals." 
D)  None of the answers are correct. 
E)  "Some musicians are not talented individuals."

Question 13

The statement "Whoever is the president is a United States citizen" means the same thing as "Presidents are all United States citizens."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Use a Venn diagram to evaluate the following argument: "Some fruits are apples. Some apples are red. So, some fruits are red." This argument is _____.

In the English language, the phrases "only," "only if," and "if only" are interchangeable.

In a Venn diagram, placing an X precisely on the line between Area 1 and Area 2 means that _____.

In a Venn diagram, a shaded area means that the _____.

Use a Venn diagram to evaluate the following argument: "No Presidents have been Popes. Hilary Clinton is not the U.S. President. So, Hilary Clinton is not the Pope." This argument is _____.

In categorical logic, the statement "Some dogs are mammals" can be interpreted as "All dogs are mammals."

In logic, "some" always means "_____."

Consider the following Venn diagram: Which of the following statements best describes what this diagram conveys?

Which of the following is a rule of thumb for translating categorical statements containing the words "only," "only if," and "the only" into standard categorical form?

If I say it's true that "All of Santa's reindeer can fly," I am committed to saying it's true that Santa exists and has flying reindeer.

Use a Venn diagram to evaluate the following argument: "No penguins can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, some birds cannot fly." This argument is _____.

Consider the following Venn diagram: Which of the following statements best describes what this diagram conveys?

The statement "Whoever is the president is a United States citizen" means the same thing as "Presidents are all United States citizens."

Introduction to Critical Thinking

Recognizing Arguments

Basic Logical Concepts

Language

Logical Fallaciesi

Logical Fallaciesii

Analyzing Arguments

Evaluating Arguments and Truth Claims

A Little Propositional Logic

Inductive Reasoning

Finding, Evaluating, and Using Sources

Writing Argumentative Essays

Thinking Critically About the Media

Science and Pseudoscience

Filters

Exam 9: A Little Categorical Logic

Use a Venn diagram to evaluate the following argument: "Some fruits are apples. Some apples are red. So, some fruits are red." This argument is _____.

In the English language, the phrases "only," "only if," and "if only" are interchangeable.

In a Venn diagram, placing an X precisely on the line between Area 1 and Area 2 means that _____.

In a Venn diagram, a shaded area means that the _____.

Use a Venn diagram to evaluate the following argument: "No Presidents have been Popes. Hilary Clinton is not the U.S. President. So, Hilary Clinton is not the Pope." This argument is _____.

In categorical logic, the statement "Some dogs are mammals" can be interpreted as "All dogs are mammals."

In logic, "some" always means "_____."

Consider the following Venn diagram: Which of the following statements best describes what this diagram conveys?

Which of the following is a rule of thumb for translating categorical statements containing the words "only," "only if," and "the only" into standard categorical form?

If I say it's true that "All of Santa's reindeer can fly," I am committed to saying it's true that Santa exists and has flying reindeer.

Use a Venn diagram to evaluate the following argument: "No penguins can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, some birds cannot fly." This argument is _____.

Consider the following Venn diagram: Which of the following statements best describes what this diagram conveys?

The statement "Whoever is the president is a United States citizen" means the same thing as "Presidents are all United States citizens."

Introduction to Critical Thinking

Recognizing Arguments

Basic Logical Concepts

Language

Logical Fallaciesi

Logical Fallaciesii

Analyzing Arguments

Evaluating Arguments and Truth Claims

A Little Propositional Logic

Inductive Reasoning

Finding, Evaluating, and Using Sources

Writing Argumentative Essays

Thinking Critically About the Media

Science and Pseudoscience

Filters