Question 1

According to John Bowlby, which of the following is true of the development of attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early caregiving has a negligible impact on the relationship between children and their caregivers. 
B)  Babies build working models based on their interactions with their caregivers. 
C)  Attachment patterns develop independent of any temperamental influences of the child. 
D)  A baby's attachment is qualitatively distinct from Erik Erikson's concept of trust. 
A)  Early caregiving has a negligible impact on the relationship between children and their caregivers. 
B)  Babies build working models based on their interactions with their caregivers. 
C)  Attachment patterns develop independent of any temperamental influences of the child. 
D)  A baby's attachment is qualitatively distinct from Erik Erikson's concept of trust. B

Question 2

Which of the following is a defining feature of altruistic behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  having no expectation of reward 
B)  helping a person as a social exchange transaction 
C)  engaging in collaborative activities routinely 
D)  helping a person in the family 
A)  having no expectation of reward 
B)  helping a person as a social exchange transaction 
C)  engaging in collaborative activities routinely 
D)  helping a person in the family A

Question 3

Which of the following statements about temperament is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperament at age 3 closely predicts aspects of personality at ages 18 and 21. 
B)  Temperament is fully formed at birth. 
C)  Temperament, once set, rarely changes. 
D)  Temperament is acquired and is primarily influenced by the external environment. 
A)  Temperament at age 3 closely predicts aspects of personality at ages 18 and 21. 
B)  Temperament is fully formed at birth. 
C)  Temperament, once set, rarely changes. 
D)  Temperament is acquired and is primarily influenced by the external environment. A

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the phase called "terrible twos" in child development?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an abnormal phase in child development seen only in cases of acute parental neglect. 
B)  It is a universal phenomenon in child development that manifests itself in the same manner across cultures. 
C)  It is more evident in those cultures that emphasize collectivism and group welfare rather than personal freedom and choice. 
D)  It is closely associated with the value of individualism, and this explains its predominance in the United States. 
A)  It is an abnormal phase in child development seen only in cases of acute parental neglect. 
B)  It is a universal phenomenon in child development that manifests itself in the same manner across cultures. 
C)  It is more evident in those cultures that emphasize collectivism and group welfare rather than personal freedom and choice. 
D)  It is closely associated with the value of individualism, and this explains its predominance in the United States.

Question 5

Which of the following is an explanation of inhibition in children as explained by Kagan?

Accepted Answer

A)  high degree of sensation-seeking behaviors 
B)  high need for novelty in stimulation 
C)  high degree of excitability of the amygdala 
D)  high threshold for sensory excitation 
A)  high degree of sensation-seeking behaviors 
B)  high need for novelty in stimulation 
C)  high degree of excitability of the amygdala 
D)  high threshold for sensory excitation

Question 6

In the context of early emotional responses of children, laughter is a smile-linked vocalization that becomes more common between ________when it may signify the most intense positive emotion.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 and 7 weeks 
B)  14 and 16 months 
C)  4 and 12 months 
D)  10 and 15 weeks 
A)  4 and 7 weeks 
B)  14 and 16 months 
C)  4 and 12 months 
D)  10 and 15 weeks

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of emotions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They involve purely objective reactions to experience. 
B)  Their physical manifestations and impact on behavior tend to be similar for all individuals. 
C)  They seldom involve any overt behavioral manifestations. 
D)  Their development follows a relatively standard timeline, beginning in early infancy. 
A)  They involve purely objective reactions to experience. 
B)  Their physical manifestations and impact on behavior tend to be similar for all individuals. 
C)  They seldom involve any overt behavioral manifestations. 
D)  Their development follows a relatively standard timeline, beginning in early infancy.

Question 8

Lee has settled into the habit of saying "no" even when he may mean "yes."
His parents explain that he has hit the "terrible twos."
Lee's behavior is a normal manifestation of

Accepted Answer

A)  mutual regulation. 
B)  basic mistrust. 
C)  shame and doubt. 
D)  the need for autonomy. 
A)  mutual regulation. 
B)  basic mistrust. 
C)  shame and doubt. 
D)  the need for autonomy.

Question 9

Sixteen-month-old Hannah believes that her needs in life will be fulfilled and that she can obtain what she desires. In the context of Erik Erikson's stages in psychosocial development, Hannah has successfully resolved

Accepted Answer

A)  basic trust versus basic mistrust. 
B)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
C)  industry versus inferiority. 
D)  generativity versus guilt. 
A)  basic trust versus basic mistrust. 
B)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
C)  industry versus inferiority. 
D)  generativity versus guilt.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about infants and emotions is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants cannot express emotions for about a month after birth. 
B)  Infants cannot display self-conscious emotions until 4 years of age. 
C)  Infants cannot communicate positive emotions as their only mode of communication is crying. 
D)  Infants cannot understand emotions such as low self-worth. 
A)  Infants cannot express emotions for about a month after birth. 
B)  Infants cannot display self-conscious emotions until 4 years of age. 
C)  Infants cannot communicate positive emotions as their only mode of communication is crying. 
D)  Infants cannot understand emotions such as low self-worth.

Question 11

A conscience includes both emotional discomfort about doing something wrong and the ability to refrain from doing it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is the laboratory-based technique used by Mary Ainsworth to study attachment in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  still-face paradigm 
B)  visual cliff technique 
C)  Strange Situation technique 
D)  violation-of-expectation technique 
A)  still-face paradigm 
B)  visual cliff technique 
C)  Strange Situation technique 
D)  violation-of-expectation technique

Question 13

Securely attached babies have not learned to trust their own ability to get what they need.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is true of the factors involved in the success of socialization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents who talk to their 18- to 30-month-old children about emotions tend to have toddlers who are quicker to help others. 
B)  Two-and-a-half-year-olds whose mothers give in to their requests are better able to resist temptation at age 3 than children whose mothers bargain with them. 
C)  Children who have mutually responsive relationships with their mothers at the age of 2 tend to be less likely than other children to show moral emotions in early school age. 
D)  Ambivalent attachment seems to foster committed compliance and conscience development in toddlers. 
A)  Parents who talk to their 18- to 30-month-old children about emotions tend to have toddlers who are quicker to help others. 
B)  Two-and-a-half-year-olds whose mothers give in to their requests are better able to resist temptation at age 3 than children whose mothers bargain with them. 
C)  Children who have mutually responsive relationships with their mothers at the age of 2 tend to be less likely than other children to show moral emotions in early school age. 
D)  Ambivalent attachment seems to foster committed compliance and conscience development in toddlers.

Question 15

Moral development is based on the internalization of parental beliefs, a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodation. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  canalization. 
D)  socialization. 
A)  accommodation. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  canalization. 
D)  socialization.

Question 16

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is true of the second stage of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

A)  The unsuccessful resolution of this stage will result in children viewing the world as unfriendly and unpredictable. 
B)  Since unlimited freedom is neither safe nor healthy, shame and doubt have a necessary place. 
C)  If shame and doubt predominate this stage, these feelings can interfere with the learning of self-regulation and self-restraint. 
D)  The successful resolution of this stage helps children emerge with the quality of hope. 
A)  The unsuccessful resolution of this stage will result in children viewing the world as unfriendly and unpredictable. 
B)  Since unlimited freedom is neither safe nor healthy, shame and doubt have a necessary place. 
C)  If shame and doubt predominate this stage, these feelings can interfere with the learning of self-regulation and self-restraint. 
D)  The successful resolution of this stage helps children emerge with the quality of hope.

Question 17

Claire, a 4-month-old baby, does not recognize herself in mirrors or pictures. If she is like most babies, she will develop physical self-recognition and self-awareness by the age of ________ months.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  6 
C)  12 to 15 
D)  18 to 24 
A)  10 
B)  6 
C)  12 to 15 
D)  18 to 24

Question 18

Which of the following is true of shared intentionality and collaborative activities in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collaborative activities decrease during the second year of life as toddlers become more adept at communication. 
B)  Children begin to collaborate with caregivers in joint activities between 9 and 12 months of age. 
C)  Children who show the tendency to share tend to help and comfort others. 
D)  The motivation to help and share and the ability to understand others' intentions develop between 3 and 4 years of age. 
A)  Collaborative activities decrease during the second year of life as toddlers become more adept at communication. 
B)  Children begin to collaborate with caregivers in joint activities between 9 and 12 months of age. 
C)  Children who show the tendency to share tend to help and comfort others. 
D)  The motivation to help and share and the ability to understand others' intentions develop between 3 and 4 years of age.

Question 19

Self-conscious emotions arise only after children have developed self-awareness at about age 3.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The autonomy versus shame and doubt stage of psychosocial development is

Accepted Answer

A)  limited to the age of 3 years. 
B)  characterized by complete dependence on the caregiver's judgment. 
C)  associated with negativism in some cultures. 
D)  linked to poor parental control and maladjustment. 
A)  limited to the age of 3 years. 
B)  characterized by complete dependence on the caregiver's judgment. 
C)  associated with negativism in some cultures. 
D)  linked to poor parental control and maladjustment.

According to John Bowlby, which of the following is true of the development of attachment?

Which of the following is a defining feature of altruistic behavior?

Which of the following statements about temperament is correct?

Which of the following is true of the phase called "terrible twos" in child development?

Which of the following is an explanation of inhibition in children as explained by Kagan?

In the context of early emotional responses of children, laughter is a smile-linked vocalization that becomes more common between ________when it may signify the most intense positive emotion.

Which of the following statements is true of emotions?

Lee has settled into the habit of saying "no" even when he may mean "yes." His parents explain that he has hit the "terrible twos." Lee's behavior is a normal manifestation of

Sixteen-month-old Hannah believes that her needs in life will be fulfilled and that she can obtain what she desires. In the context of Erik Erikson's stages in psychosocial development, Hannah has successfully resolved

Which of the following statements about infants and emotions is true?

A conscience includes both emotional discomfort about doing something wrong and the ability to refrain from doing it.

Which of the following is the laboratory-based technique used by Mary Ainsworth to study attachment in children?

Securely attached babies have not learned to trust their own ability to get what they need.

Which of the following is true of the factors involved in the success of socialization?

Moral development is based on the internalization of parental beliefs, a process known as

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is true of the second stage of psychosocial development?

Claire, a 4-month-old baby, does not recognize herself in mirrors or pictures. If she is like most babies, she will develop physical self-recognition and self-awareness by the age of ________ months.

Which of the following is true of shared intentionality and collaborative activities in children?

Self-conscious emotions arise only after children have developed self-awareness at about age 3.

The autonomy versus shame and doubt stage of psychosocial development is

Introduction to Child Development

Conception, Environment, and Heredity

Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn

Physical Development and Health: 0 to 3

Cognitive Development: 0 to 3

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

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Exam 7: Psychosocial Development: 0 to 3

According to John Bowlby, which of the following is true of the development of attachment?

Which of the following is a defining feature of altruistic behavior?

Which of the following statements about temperament is correct?

Which of the following is true of the phase called "terrible twos" in child development?

Which of the following is an explanation of inhibition in children as explained by Kagan?

In the context of early emotional responses of children, laughter is a smile-linked vocalization that becomes more common between ________when it may signify the most intense positive emotion.

Which of the following statements is true of emotions?

Lee has settled into the habit of saying "no" even when he may mean "yes." His parents explain that he has hit the "terrible twos." Lee's behavior is a normal manifestation of

Sixteen-month-old Hannah believes that her needs in life will be fulfilled and that she can obtain what she desires. In the context of Erik Erikson's stages in psychosocial development, Hannah has successfully resolved

Which of the following statements about infants and emotions is true?

A conscience includes both emotional discomfort about doing something wrong and the ability to refrain from doing it.

Which of the following is the laboratory-based technique used by Mary Ainsworth to study attachment in children?

Securely attached babies have not learned to trust their own ability to get what they need.

Which of the following is true of the factors involved in the success of socialization?

Moral development is based on the internalization of parental beliefs, a process known as

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is true of the second stage of psychosocial development?

Claire, a 4-month-old baby, does not recognize herself in mirrors or pictures. If she is like most babies, she will develop physical self-recognition and self-awareness by the age of ________ months.

Which of the following is true of shared intentionality and collaborative activities in children?

Self-conscious emotions arise only after children have developed self-awareness at about age 3.

The autonomy versus shame and doubt stage of psychosocial development is

Introduction to Child Development

Conception, Environment, and Heredity

Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn

Physical Development and Health: 0 to 3

Cognitive Development: 0 to 3

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Filters