Question 1

The shift to formal reasoning is attributed to a combination of brain maturation and expanding environmental opportunities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

According to Kohlberg, the level of conventional morality is typically reached before age 10.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Gilligan claimed women see morality not so much in terms of ________ as in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  justice and fairness; responsibility to show caring and avoid harm 
B)  responsibility to others; justice and fairness 
C)  maintaining friendships; not getting into trouble 
D)  the standards of authority figures; universal human rights 
A)  justice and fairness; responsibility to show caring and avoid harm 
B)  responsibility to others; justice and fairness 
C)  maintaining friendships; not getting into trouble 
D)  the standards of authority figures; universal human rights A

Question 4

With the advent of abstract thought, adolescents more frequently use such terms as "however," "otherwise," "anyway," "therefore," "really," and "probably" to express logical relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Adolescents develop the capacity for abstract thought around the age of ________ years.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  7 
C)  9 
D)  11 
A)  5 
B)  7 
C)  9 
D)  11

Question 6

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, which of the following is true of children in the sixth stage of reasoning in the postconventional morality level?

Accepted Answer

A)  They look at an act in terms of the human needs it meets and differentiate this value from the act's physical form and consequences. 
B)  They want to please and help others, can judge the intentions of others, and they take circumstances into account. 
C)  They consider an act always wrong, regardless of motive or circumstances, if it violates a rule and harms others. 
D)  They act in accordance with internalized standards, knowing that they would condemn themselves if they did not. 
A)  They look at an act in terms of the human needs it meets and differentiate this value from the act's physical form and consequences. 
B)  They want to please and help others, can judge the intentions of others, and they take circumstances into account. 
C)  They consider an act always wrong, regardless of motive or circumstances, if it violates a rule and harms others. 
D)  They act in accordance with internalized standards, knowing that they would condemn themselves if they did not.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of language development in adolescents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adolescents become less skilled in social perspective-taking as they age, and they deliberately avoid irony, puns, and metaphors. 
B)  Teenage slang is part of the process of developing an identity similar to that of parents and the adult world. 
C)  Vocabulary remains universal irrespective of gender, ethnicity, age, geographical region, neighborhood, and type of school. 
D)  Adolescents often develop their own unique terms, and the changes in words and phrases used by them are striking in their speech. 
A)  Adolescents become less skilled in social perspective-taking as they age, and they deliberately avoid irony, puns, and metaphors. 
B)  Teenage slang is part of the process of developing an identity similar to that of parents and the adult world. 
C)  Vocabulary remains universal irrespective of gender, ethnicity, age, geographical region, neighborhood, and type of school. 
D)  Adolescents often develop their own unique terms, and the changes in words and phrases used by them are striking in their speech.

Question 8

Olivia, a 15-year-old girl, likes to spend time with her friends and likes to go to parties. However, her parents are strictly against such teenage adventures. She tries to convince her parents with her reasoning abilities and tries to build her case. Which of the following aspects of adolescent thinking does Olivia exhibit in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)  argumentativeness 
B)  the imaginary audience 
C)  self-consciousness 
D)  prosocial behavior 
A)  argumentativeness 
B)  the imaginary audience 
C)  self-consciousness 
D)  prosocial behavior

Question 9

Which of the following is a problem with Piaget's conception of formal operations?

Accepted Answer

A)  It fails to adequately consider the role of metacognition. 
B)  It underestimates the abilities of older children. 
C)  It pays too much attention to individual differences between children. 
D)  It overemphasizes the importance of social and cultural influences. 
A)  It fails to adequately consider the role of metacognition. 
B)  It underestimates the abilities of older children. 
C)  It pays too much attention to individual differences between children. 
D)  It overemphasizes the importance of social and cultural influences.

Question 10

Prosocial moral reasoning is reasoning about moral dilemmas in which one person's needs conflict with those of others in situations in which social rules or norms are unclear or nonexistent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What is the major shortcoming of vocational counseling in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vocational counseling is generally oriented toward non-college-bound youth. 
B)  Vocational counseling helps only those students who seek low-level, entry positions. 
C)  Vocational training programs tend to be less closely tied to the needs of businesses and industries. 
D)  Most vocational training programs are not accredited. 
A)  Vocational counseling is generally oriented toward non-college-bound youth. 
B)  Vocational counseling helps only those students who seek low-level, entry positions. 
C)  Vocational training programs tend to be less closely tied to the needs of businesses and industries. 
D)  Most vocational training programs are not accredited.

Question 12

Sophia, a 13-year-old girl, experiments with a balance scale in her physics class. She tries to hang different weights at different points on a crossbar. She wants to understand the factors that affect the balancing of the scale. In the context of Piaget's cognitive-stage theory, Sophia is demonstrating ________ in this scenario.

Accepted Answer

A)  postconventional morality 
B)  haptic perception 
C)  hypothetical-deductive reasoning 
D)  dual representation hypothesis 
A)  postconventional morality 
B)  haptic perception 
C)  hypothetical-deductive reasoning 
D)  dual representation hypothesis

Question 13

A group of high schoolers in the United States begins to feel that the school curriculum is meaningless and that the instructions do not fulfill their academic needs. They become dissatisfied with their school and get poor grades. In the context of NCES (2017), who among the following group members is least likely to drop out of school?

Accepted Answer

A)  Samuel, who is a Hispanic student 
B)  Samira, who is an Asian student 
C)  Natalie, who is a black student 
D)  Nick, who is a white student 
A)  Samuel, who is a Hispanic student 
B)  Samira, who is an Asian student 
C)  Natalie, who is a black student 
D)  Nick, who is a white student

Question 14

________ consists of all the factual knowledge a person has acquired.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conceptual knowledge 
B)  Declarative knowledge 
C)  Procedural knowledge 
D)  Structural knowledge 
A)  Conceptual knowledge 
B)  Declarative knowledge 
C)  Procedural knowledge 
D)  Structural knowledge

Question 15

Who among the following is most likely to be an authoritarian parent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Simone, who grounds her son for a week because he performs poorly in his math test 
B)  Rey, who discusses math scores with his daughter and helps her identify the areas of improvement 
C)  Dan, who sets a target score for his daughter and lets her prepare a plan to achieve the score 
D)  Jenny, who acts casually even when her son receives the highest score in his end-semester exams 
A)  Simone, who grounds her son for a week because he performs poorly in his math test 
B)  Rey, who discusses math scores with his daughter and helps her identify the areas of improvement 
C)  Dan, who sets a target score for his daughter and lets her prepare a plan to achieve the score 
D)  Jenny, who acts casually even when her son receives the highest score in his end-semester exams

Question 16

Isabella, a 14-year-old girl, is an average student and happens to fail in three subjects. She convinces her parents that these subjects are too hard and that her school sets the most difficult test in the state. In the context of influences on school achievement, Isabella exhibits ________ in this scenario.

Accepted Answer

A)  high self-actualization 
B)  low self-realization 
C)  high self-regulation 
D)  low self-efficacy 
A)  high self-actualization 
B)  low self-realization 
C)  high self-regulation 
D)  low self-efficacy

Question 17

Keith, a teenage boy, has a 3-year-old sister. When talking to her, he usually uses short sentences, speaks slowly, and often repeats the important words. He talks to his teachers in a polite and respectful way. In the context of language development in adolescents, the way Keith adapts his speech best illustrates his skills in

Accepted Answer

A)  telegraphic speech. 
B)  social perspective-taking. 
C)  cross-modal transfer. 
D)  code-mixing. 
A)  telegraphic speech. 
B)  social perspective-taking. 
C)  cross-modal transfer. 
D)  code-mixing.

Question 18

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, children in the first stage of reasoning in the preconventional morality level

Accepted Answer

A)  develop their own ideas of what a good person is. 
B)  evaluate an act according to motive or the person performing it and take circumstances into account. 
C)  ignore the motives of an act and focus on its consequences. 
D)  look at an act in terms of the needs it meets and differentiate this value from the act's physical form and consequences. 
A)  develop their own ideas of what a good person is. 
B)  evaluate an act according to motive or the person performing it and take circumstances into account. 
C)  ignore the motives of an act and focus on its consequences. 
D)  look at an act in terms of the needs it meets and differentiate this value from the act's physical form and consequences.

Question 19

Adolescents often assume everyone else is thinking about the same thing they are thinking about: themselves. Elkind refers to this as

Accepted Answer

A)  specialness. 
B)  apparent hypocrisy. 
C)  invulnerability. 
D)  the imaginary audience. 
A)  specialness. 
B)  apparent hypocrisy. 
C)  invulnerability. 
D)  the imaginary audience.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of the relationship between cognitive development and moral development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Advances in cognitive development make individuals capable of more complex reasoning about moral issues. 
B)  Advanced cognitive development guarantees advanced moral development. 
C)  Advanced cognitive development impedes moral development because it suppresses intuitive, emotional responses. 
D)  Moral development proceeds independently of cognitive development. 
A)  Advances in cognitive development make individuals capable of more complex reasoning about moral issues. 
B)  Advanced cognitive development guarantees advanced moral development. 
C)  Advanced cognitive development impedes moral development because it suppresses intuitive, emotional responses. 
D)  Moral development proceeds independently of cognitive development.

The shift to formal reasoning is attributed to a combination of brain maturation and expanding environmental opportunities.

According to Kohlberg, the level of conventional morality is typically reached before age 10.

Gilligan claimed women see morality not so much in terms of as in .

With the advent of abstract thought, adolescents more frequently use such terms as "however," "otherwise," "anyway," "therefore," "really," and "probably" to express logical relationships.

Adolescents develop the capacity for abstract thought around the age of ________ years.

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, which of the following is true of children in the sixth stage of reasoning in the postconventional morality level?

Which of the following is true of language development in adolescents?

Which of the following is a problem with Piaget's conception of formal operations?

Prosocial moral reasoning is reasoning about moral dilemmas in which one person's needs conflict with those of others in situations in which social rules or norms are unclear or nonexistent.

What is the major shortcoming of vocational counseling in the United States?

________ consists of all the factual knowledge a person has acquired.

Who among the following is most likely to be an authoritarian parent?

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, children in the first stage of reasoning in the preconventional morality level

Adolescents often assume everyone else is thinking about the same thing they are thinking about: themselves. Elkind refers to this as

Which of the following is true of the relationship between cognitive development and moral development?

Introduction to Child Development

Conception, Environment, and Heredity

Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn

Physical Development and Health: 0 to 3

Cognitive Development: 0 to 3

Psychosocial Development: 0 to 3

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

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Exam 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence

The shift to formal reasoning is attributed to a combination of brain maturation and expanding environmental opportunities.

According to Kohlberg, the level of conventional morality is typically reached before age 10.

Gilligan claimed women see morality not so much in terms of ________ as in ________.

With the advent of abstract thought, adolescents more frequently use such terms as "however," "otherwise," "anyway," "therefore," "really," and "probably" to express logical relationships.

Adolescents develop the capacity for abstract thought around the age of ________ years.

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, which of the following is true of children in the sixth stage of reasoning in the postconventional morality level?

Which of the following is true of language development in adolescents?

Which of the following is a problem with Piaget's conception of formal operations?

Prosocial moral reasoning is reasoning about moral dilemmas in which one person's needs conflict with those of others in situations in which social rules or norms are unclear or nonexistent.

What is the major shortcoming of vocational counseling in the United States?

________ consists of all the factual knowledge a person has acquired.

Who among the following is most likely to be an authoritarian parent?

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, children in the first stage of reasoning in the preconventional morality level

Adolescents often assume everyone else is thinking about the same thing they are thinking about: themselves. Elkind refers to this as

Which of the following is true of the relationship between cognitive development and moral development?

Introduction to Child Development

Conception, Environment, and Heredity

Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn

Physical Development and Health: 0 to 3

Cognitive Development: 0 to 3

Psychosocial Development: 0 to 3

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Filters

Gilligan claimed women see morality not so much in terms of as in .