Exam 1: The Macronutrients

Older adults are typically at risk for the gradual loss of muscle mass, strength, and muscle function, a condition known as sarcopenia.

Blood lipids must bind to __________, or they will not dissolve in the blood plasma.

Simple lipids or "neutral fats" consist primarily of triacylglycerols, the most plentiful lipid in the body.

Which of the following foods is considered a higher quality protein:

Excessive ketone formation can result in a harmful condition called __________.

The American Heart Association suggests an intake of no more than 500 mg of cholesterol per day.

Depleting liver and muscle glycogen stimulates glucose synthesis from the structural components of other nutrients, principally amino acids, through gluconeogenic metabolic pathways.

Excessive protein intake can place added strain on liver and kidney function.

Four grams of lipid contain approximately __________ kcal.

A meta-analysis of research trials indicated that for every 10 mg .dL^-1 increase in __________, cancer risk declined by 36%.

Incomplete proteins are higher quality proteins and contain all essential amino acids.

Gluconeogenesis takes place primarily in the __________.

Galactose is the sweetest monosaccharide.

Frequent and excessive intake of __________ may increase the risk for adult-onset (type 2) diabetes mellitus.

Scientific evidence indicates that only about __________% of an individual's blood cholesterol level comes from dietary intake. The liver produces the rest of the body's cholesterol.

The number of near-vegetarian athletes has increased considerably over the last decade.

Greater nitrogen output compared to nitrogen intake is considered negative nitrogen balance.

During intense exercise, __________ serve as the primary fuel source.

Exogenous cholesterol refers to cholesterol produced by the body.

When blood glucose falls below the normal range, the pancreas' alpha cells immediately secrete the hormone __________.