Exam 1: The Macronutrients

Starches with a relatively large amount of amylose __________.

During prolonged exercise, the alanine-glucose cycle generates between __________ and __________ of the total exercise energy requirement.

Carbohydrates contain more energy per unit weight than lipids.

To reduce the risk of cancer, the American Cancer Society suggests that no more than __________ of total calories should come from lipids.

Two common forms of plant polysaccharide are __________.

The RDA represents __________.

One of the benefits of a high-fiber diet is that these foods typically replace other high-glycemic foods.

Shifting an amino group from a donor amino acid to a keto acid is called __________.

Most vegetable oils contain relatively large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids.

Lipid molecules __________.

Cholesterol synthesis occurs only in animals.

Lipids that contain one or more fatty acid molecules combined with a phosphorus-containing group and a nitrogenous base are called phospholipids.

In muscle, enzymes facilitate nitrogen removal from certain amino acids and subsequently pass this nitrogen to other compounds in the biochemical reactions of transamination.

Glycogen reserves readily deplete during the following conditions except:

The body cannot synthesize cholesterol.

Catabolism refers to tissue-building processes in the body.

Consuming a high-fiber diet has been shown to lower occurrence of the following conditions except __________.

Glucose, a hexose sugar, contains five carbon atoms in its molecular structure.

Cholesterol synthesized by the body is called endogenous cholesterol.

An example of a mono-, di-, and polysaccharide (in the appropriate order) is __________.