Exam 5: Learning

Alex has learned that if his mom is upset and he praises her,she will cook him a great meal.However,if he praises his mom when she is in a good mood,she responds by saying,"Are you trying to butter me up?" and doesn't cook at all.In this example,Alex's mom's mood is a ____.

Krystle is always late for meetings.After many stern looks and being scolded by her co-workers,Krystle learns that if she brings snacks to the meetings,her co-workers will not scold her for being late.This is an example of ____ conditioning.

Keleka's parents often deal with her misbehavior by not allowing her to watch her favorite TV program,Speed Racer.Marnie's parents deal with Marnie's misbehavior by spanking her.Keleka's parents are using ____,and Marnie's parents are using ____.

Art has doting parents who praise him every time he sits down and studies.Ben has parents who praise him every now and then when he studies.A learning theorist would predict that if both sets of parents stopped giving encouragement for studying,____ would continue studying longer because behaviors rewarded on a ____ schedule persist longer.

Dr.Evil presents the sound of a buzzer to his pet rabbit,and he follows it with the delivery of a small electric shock.After repeated pairings of the buzzer and shock,the rabbit learns to fear the sound of buzzers.Dr.Evil then proceeds to extinguish the rabbit's fear of buzzers.Now suppose that,after extinction,Dr.Evil decides to present the buzzer and shock to the rabbit once again.After only a few pairings,the rabbit will demonstrate ____ and fear the buzzer again.

After Maria drank coffee for the first time in her life,she felt more awake.She then begandrinking coffee every morning.Now when she even smells coffee,she feels more awake.Feeling more awake after just smelling the coffee is the ____.

Herbert,the rat,is put in a cage that is chilly.He operates in the environment by moving around the cage and bar-pressing.He discovers that moving around and bar-pressing have no impact on the temperature of the cage or anything else.Soon,Herbert stops moving around the cage at all,and when the temperature could be controlled through bar-pressing,he doesn't figure it out.Herbert is experiencing ____.

Whenever Calvin throws his sister's doll in the toilet,his mother locks Calvin in his room.As soon as Calvin apologizes,his mother lets him out.Eventually,Calvin learns to apologize immediately,so that he can get out of his room sooner.Calvin is demonstrating ____.

Ta'Nisha,a regular smoker,is trying to quit.When she goes to bars or outdoor cafes where others are smoking,she finds the craving for a cigarette too strong to resist.Simply by avoiding bars and cafes that allow smoking,Ta'Nisha has found it easier to quit smoking completely.This example uses principles of ____.

Keren decides to try cotton candy for the first time.She enjoys it,but unfortunately,later that day,Keren comes down with the stomach flu.Now the smell or thought of cotton candy makes her shudder and feel slightly nauseous.This is an example of ____.

Serena is praised for every art project she brings home from school.Once this kind of continuous reinforcement is discontinued,we can predict that Serena's reinforced behavior will extinguish ____.

In her kindergarten class,Tanesha gives the children star stickers for good behavior in class (e.g.,raising their hands before speaking,being polite to other children,walking in line through the hallways).Tanesha gives a star sticker every time a good behavior occurs.Tanesha is using a(n)____?reinforcement schedule.

Fed up with his son not cleaning around the house,Jack buys a book called Shape Up,which instructs the reader to implement the operant conditioning technique of shaping.According to the book,Jack will want to ____.

Hailey thinks that it makes no difference as to how hard she studies for her classes.Sometimes she studies and other times she doesn't,but her grades are always the same.Soon,Hailey never studies because she doesn't see any reason to do so.Hailey is experiencing ____.

Every time Bert slices onions,the onions burn his eyes and tears run down his face.One day,he opens the silverware drawer,pulls out the knife that he uses only to peel onions,and immediately starts to shed tears from the sight of the knife.In this situation,the onion is the ____,and the knife is the __________.

Any response made to a specific stimulus,if followed by a reward,will be more likely to occur again in the presence of the same stimulus.According to your text,this is the law of ____.

Which scenario is an example of habituation?

Charlie Parker has been given several pairings of electric shock while listening to the Debbie Gibson song "Reverse Psychology," and thus,has been successfully conditioned to react with anxiety to the song.Now,instead of being paired with the shock,the song is paired with a flashing green light (a previously neutral stimulus).If Charlie still reacts with anxiety when the green light is flashed without the song,he will have ____.

Chuck works on the assembly line at Widgets,Inc.Because he is a union employee,he is paid $10 for every fifteen widgets he makes.His co-worker,Sally,is a nonunion worker and is paid only when the company makes money,which averages out to be two times per month.Chuck is reinforced on a ____ schedule,while Sally is reinforced on a ____ schedule.

Ignoring the attention-getting behavior of hyperactive children can be a helpful tool to classroom teachers because often,the frequency of the misbehavior will decrease and even stop.What operant conditioning process does this technique most utilize?