Exam 5: Learning

Han is fearful of the powerful Jabba.Han becomes fearful when he hears Jabba's low voice,but also becomes fearful when he hears any low voice.What phenomenon best explains Han's tendency to become fearful when hearing any low voice?

Martina's upstairs neighbors play their stereo loudly.Martina hates loud music and has found that if she bangs on the ceiling with a broom,they turn the volume down.Now,as soon as the loud music starts,Martina bangs on the ceiling and it is muted.This is an example of ____.

Russell's mom wants him to study for two hours each night,so she gives him treats during the evening.Sometimes she gives him the treats after ten minutes,sometimes after thirty minutes.On the average,Russell is given a treat every twenty minutes.Which reinforcement schedule is Russell's mom utilizing?

When administering punishment,it is least effective for the punishment to be ____.

According to Solomon's opponent-process theory,extended heroin use creates a conditioned bodily response that ____ the "high" that the user experiences.

Five-year-old Sandrine jumps and cringes every time she hears thunder.Soon she cringes when she sees lightning because she knows that thunder will follow.One day when she is at her first fireworks show,she cringes when she sees the flash of light from the first fireworks in the sky.Sandrine is displaying ____.

Jason does not complete his chores on time,despite his mother's repeated requests for him to do so.As a result,his mother takes away his Playstation and Wii for a month.Jason's mother is hoping to change his behavior through the use of ____.

Talon drinks one too many cans of "Jooky" last night.Talon spent the morning vomiting,and now even the smell of Jooky makes Talon nauseous.Talon is experiencing a ____,which can best be explained by ____ conditioning.

Every time the papergirl says to her customers,"I want my two dollars," her customers give her money.In this example,receiving the customer's money is a(n)____.

When she was young,Nadia's father would always travel in a straight line through a forest if they became lost.Since she was always with her father when hiking,she never had to think much about this tactic.Many years later,while hiking alone,she becomes lost but is able to escape the forest using her father's technique.This best demonstrates ____.

If a tone is sounded each time a puff of air is delivered to the eye,the tone alone will eventually produce eye blinks.In this example,the ____ is the conditioned stimulus and the ____is the conditioned response.

Pookie,the dog,quickly learns that when she scratches at the door,her owner will allow her to go outside to play.This is an example of ____ conditioning.

When an organism uses insight,it ____.

Jerome tries to please his parents by always being good,but whenever Jerome's older brother,Tom,misbehave,their parents punish both Tom and Jerome.Jerome soon stops trying to please his parents because he doesn't think it will make any difference.This change in Jerome's behavior is an example of ____.

Rosie and Ginny decide to eat at a restaurant.When they arrive,they are greeted promptly by the hostess.The waiter is efficient and the food is fantastic! They are likely to return to the restaurant because their decision to eat there was followed by a satisfying experience.This example best?illustrates ____.

Just before being attacked by a mugger while jogging,David had been listening to a saxophone player,watching a mime artist,and smelling the newly mown grass.According to your text,which of these stimuli is most likely to become a conditioned stimulus for fear?

A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience is known as ____.

Lenny cannot reach the bathroom shelf where his father keeps the electric toothbrush,but he continues trying,day after day.After seeing his brother use a stool to open the kitchen cupboards,Lenny pushes the stool into the bathroom and uses it to finally get the toothbrush.How would Lenny's behavior be classified by learning theorists?

Stephanie is studying her vocabulary words for German class.Each time she reads the German word and thinks of the English equivalent,she finds it easier to recall the meaning.Stephanie's experience is best explained by the role of ____.

Eve breaks things when she gets angry.Whenever Eve begins breaking anything,her parents stop what they are doing and pay attention to her.Now,Eve breaks things more than ever.Apparently,her parents' attention serves as a(n)____for Eve's behavior.