Exam 5: Learning

To learn to look both ways before crossing the street,children merely need to hear about the consequences of getting hit by a car (instead of having to experience it themselves).This is an example of ____.

Roslyn always used to shop at Penney's because for every purchase over $20,she would get a 10 percent discount.But since Penney's stopped offering this promotion,Roslyn has stopped shopping there.Her shopping behavior is best explained by ____.

Although punishment has several drawbacks,it is most effective when ____.

Continued gambling behavior is best explained in terms of which process of learning?

When Ken kisses Barbie,his heart races.For a month,Barbie snapped her fingers just before she kissed him.She stopped snapping her fingers,but now,whenever Ken hears someone snapping their fingers,his heart begins to race.This is an example of ____ conditioning,and finger snapping is the ____.

As the months pass,Kurt begins taking more and more heroin as each dose doesn't seem to give him the same high.Eventually,Kurt is addicted to heroin.According to opponent-process theory,____ may be the basis of Kurt's dangerous addiction.

Which action is an example of negative reinforcement?

Grasping how to perform a complex action sequence,such as driving a car,pitching a baseball,or playing the harmonica,is referred to as ____.

Bart notices that his father,Homer,is usually in an agreeable mood after his mother,Marge,fixes him pork chops.However,Homer is quite grumpy after a meal of three-eyed fish.Bart has learned that it is much in his favor to ask Homer permission to do fun things on pork chop night and to avoid asking such questions when three-eyed fish is served.Bart is using the type of meal served as a ____.

Kelly watched her mother get ready for work; Kelly's mother put on makeup and fixed her hair.Then,Kelly's mother left the room and told Kelly to get ready for school.Kelly began to imitate her mother by smearing makeup on her face and fluffing her hair.This is an example of ____.

Whenever Lisa's aunts visit,they kiss her on the cheek.Lisa hates this and eventually learns that they will not kiss her if she is coughing.Now whenever her aunts enter her home,she pretends to cough.This is an example of ____.

To get her roommate to start cleaning her side of the room,Alisa starts complimenting her on the smallest efforts she makes to keep her side tidy.Alisa then withholds complimenting her roommate until she does more extensive cleaning tasks.This type of strategy is known as ____.

Rob watches his sister,Kathryn,being punished for "smarting off" to their mom.Rob learns that he should never "smart off" to his mom,due to ____.

Charlie wants to get a job in which he is rewarded for his work on a fixed interval reinforcement schedule.Which job should Charlie pursue?

Set up positive reinforcement,negative reinforcement,and punishment programs that a parent could use to teach a ten-year-old child to clean his room.What are the drawbacks of using punishment? What is the most effective way to use punishment?

Which statement is true of taste-aversion conditioning?

Cindy has taken the bus to and from school for the past three weeks.Today,however,she misses the bus and has to walk.Cindy has never had to walk to school before,but she makes it to school without a single wrong turn.This demonstrates ____.

Tyrell wants to teach his two daughters,Sarah and Mia,to practice their golf swings every day.Each time after Sarah finishes practicing,he gives her $5,and each time after Mia finishes practicing,he gives her a handful of her favorite candy pieces.Sarah is receiving a __________ reinforcer,and Mia is receiving a __________ reinforcer.

You buy a new car that always starts instantly on cold mornings (continuous reinforcement).It suddenly fails one time,and you immediately call a service station.Suppose,however,that your car often gives you trouble on cold mornings (variable reinforcement).It is likely that you will try to start the car several times before calling a service station due to the ____ effect.

The police blocked off the road in Carole's neighborhood that she usually uses to get home from work,so Carole used the next quickest route.Carole easily found the different route because ____.