Question 1

In what ways is literacy instruction top-down, bottom-up, or interactionist?

Accepted Answer

The top-down approach, starting at the top and working down, uses a holistic style that progresses through natural immersion. Readers use their background knowledge and language skills, generally without explicit instruction of comprehension strategies.
The bottom-up approach, starting at the bottom and working up, involves learning names and shapes of letters, then consonant sounds and vowel sounds. Readers receive instruction to break down complex reading tasks into their component skills. In reality, there is probably no strictly bottom-up reading instruction, since some higher-level skills are always needed. The interactionist approach is a combination of these two styles.

Question 2

According to Pressley, Allington, Wharton-McDonald, Block, & Morrow, what is the most outstanding characteristic of highly effective teachers?

Accepted Answer

A)  They stress skills and systematic instruction. 
B)  The use a wide variety of materials. 
C)  They manage their classrooms and have virtually no discipline problems. 
D)  They believe their students can learn and act accordingly. 
A)  They stress skills and systematic instruction. 
B)  The use a wide variety of materials. 
C)  They manage their classrooms and have virtually no discipline problems. 
D)  They believe their students can learn and act accordingly. D

Question 3

Which of the following skills is most essential as students begin to search for and encounter unregulated information on the Internet?

Accepted Answer

A)  skimming quickly to find the most important information 
B)  evaluation of accuracy, reliability, and depth of the information found 
C)  synthesis to manage and organize the large amount of information that has been gathered 
D)  analysis and interpretation of all collected information 
A)  skimming quickly to find the most important information 
B)  evaluation of accuracy, reliability, and depth of the information found 
C)  synthesis to manage and organize the large amount of information that has been gathered 
D)  analysis and interpretation of all collected information B

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  providing students with hands-on activities in which they assemble a toy to show that they have comprehended a set of directions 
B)  making sure that students can answer 80 percent of the comprehension questions before moving to the next level 
C)  having students work in pairs so they can learn from each other 
D)  making sure that students are in the zone of proximal development 
A)  providing students with hands-on activities in which they assemble a toy to show that they have comprehended a set of directions 
B)  making sure that students can answer 80 percent of the comprehension questions before moving to the next level 
C)  having students work in pairs so they can learn from each other 
D)  making sure that students are in the zone of proximal development

Question 5

What is the role of culture in the literacy program?

Accepted Answer

Reading is a language activity, and chil

Question 6

The ultimate goal of Common Core State Standards is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  to have all students reach proficiency on national tests. 
B)  to have all students reach proficiency on state tests 
C)  to have all students reading to the best of their ability 
D)  to have all students become college and career ready 
A)  to have all students reach proficiency on national tests. 
B)  to have all students reach proficiency on state tests 
C)  to have all students reading to the best of their ability 
D)  to have all students become college and career ready

Question 7

What is the readerʹs main role in the reading process, and how has it changed over the years?

Accepted Answer

In the past the readerʹs role centered o

Question 8

What does the sentence ?We eated our lunch? spoken by a young child indicate about learning language?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning language is an imitative process. 
B)  Learning language is a constructive process. 
C)  Learning language is a straightforward process. 
D)  Not all children follow the same developmental path when learning language. 
A)  Learning language is an imitative process. 
B)  Learning language is a constructive process. 
C)  Learning language is a straightforward process. 
D)  Not all children follow the same developmental path when learning language.

Question 9

According to research by Berliner (1981) and others, students make the most progress when they are reading materials in which they know ________ percent of the words.

Accepted Answer

A)  99 to 100 
B)  85 to 95 
C)  95 to 98 
D)  80 to 85 
A)  99 to 100 
B)  85 to 95 
C)  95 to 98 
D)  80 to 85

Question 10

Which of the following is the best example of a teaching technique that is functional and contextual?

Accepted Answer

A)  teaching the /s/ sound of c after teaching the /k/ sound of c 
B)  demonstrating most of the consonant sounds before starting formal reading instruction 
C)  testing students to make sure they have mastered their phonics sounds 
D)  teaching the /s/ sound of c just before students read about Cynthia who spends 50 cents in the city 
A)  teaching the /s/ sound of c after teaching the /k/ sound of c 
B)  demonstrating most of the consonant sounds before starting formal reading instruction 
C)  testing students to make sure they have mastered their phonics sounds 
D)  teaching the /s/ sound of c just before students read about Cynthia who spends 50 cents in the city

Question 11

The true test of reading is whether a student can

Accepted Answer

A)  construct meaning from text and answer questions about what was read. 
B)  read the words with reasonable expression and inflection. 
C)  apply context and other word-recognition skills while reading. 
D)  sound out all or most of the words in a selection to better understand the context. 
A)  construct meaning from text and answer questions about what was read. 
B)  read the words with reasonable expression and inflection. 
C)  apply context and other word-recognition skills while reading. 
D)  sound out all or most of the words in a selection to better understand the context.

Question 12

What are some behavioral, cognitive, and cognitive behavioral practices that can be found in literacy programs?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral approaches systematically pre

Question 13

Which of the following practices would most likely lead to an aesthetic response?

Accepted Answer

A)  asking students if anything in a story reminded them of something that happened to them 
B)  discussing why the author might have written a story 
C)  having students create a diagram of the story 
D)  discussing the techniques that the author used to create suspense 
A)  asking students if anything in a story reminded them of something that happened to them 
B)  discussing why the author might have written a story 
C)  having students create a diagram of the story 
D)  discussing the techniques that the author used to create suspense

Question 14

What are the ten principles of teaching reading? Why is each important?

Accepted Answer

1 Children learn to read by reading. (In

Question 15

What is the role of the New Literacies in todayʹs reading program?

Accepted Answer

The New Literacies refer to the reading,

Question 16

What is the zone of proximal development (ZDP)?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of help that a student needs in order to experience maximal growth 
B)  the level of work that a student can do when working on his or her own 
C)  the difference between what a student can do on his or her own and what the student can do with help 
D)  the amount of growth that a student should attain in a year?s time 
A)  the amount of help that a student needs in order to experience maximal growth 
B)  the level of work that a student can do when working on his or her own 
C)  the difference between what a student can do on his or her own and what the student can do with help 
D)  the amount of growth that a student should attain in a year?s time

Question 17

According to Todd Risley, the most important thing parents can do to develop their children?s verbal intelligence is to

Accepted Answer

A)  provide a good preschool experience. 
B)  spend quality time with them. 
C)  take care of their physical and emotional needs. 
D)  talk to them. 
A)  provide a good preschool experience. 
B)  spend quality time with them. 
C)  take care of their physical and emotional needs. 
D)  talk to them.

Question 18

What is your approach to teaching literacy? Does it use elements of behavioral, cognitive, or cognitive behavioral approaches? After describing it, explain how you might implement your approach.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary, based on student popu

Question 19

Which of the following is a top-down approach to reading?

Accepted Answer

A)  teaching phonics after children have learned to read a number of words 
B)  teaching the letters of the alphabet and then their sounds 
C)  teaching phonics and then teaching students to apply this skill to real reading 
D)  teaching the sounds but not the names of the letters 
A)  teaching phonics after children have learned to read a number of words 
B)  teaching the letters of the alphabet and then their sounds 
C)  teaching phonics and then teaching students to apply this skill to real reading 
D)  teaching the sounds but not the names of the letters

Question 20

What are the key characteristics of an effective teacher?

Accepted Answer

Highly effective teachers care about the

In what ways is literacy instruction top-down, bottom-up, or interactionist?

According to Pressley, Allington, Wharton-McDonald, Block, & Morrow, what is the most outstanding characteristic of highly effective teachers?

Which of the following skills is most essential as students begin to search for and encounter unregulated information on the Internet?

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral approach?

What is the role of culture in the literacy program?

The ultimate goal of Common Core State Standards is __________.

What is the readerʹs main role in the reading process, and how has it changed over the years?

What does the sentence ?We eated our lunch? spoken by a young child indicate about learning language?

According to research by Berliner (1981) and others, students make the most progress when they are reading materials in which they know ________ percent of the words.

Which of the following is the best example of a teaching technique that is functional and contextual?

The true test of reading is whether a student can

What are some behavioral, cognitive, and cognitive behavioral practices that can be found in literacy programs?

Which of the following practices would most likely lead to an aesthetic response?

What are the ten principles of teaching reading? Why is each important?

What is the role of the New Literacies in todayʹs reading program?

What is the zone of proximal development (ZDP)?

According to Todd Risley, the most important thing parents can do to develop their children?s verbal intelligence is to

What is your approach to teaching literacy? Does it use elements of behavioral, cognitive, or cognitive behavioral approaches? After describing it, explain how you might implement your approach.

Which of the following is a top-down approach to reading?

What are the key characteristics of an effective teacher?

Teaching All Students

Assessing for Learning

Fostering Emergentearly Literacy

Teaching Phonics, High-Frequency Words, and Syllabic Analysis

Building Vocabulary

Comprehension: Theory and Strategies

Comprehension: Text Structures and Teaching Procedures

Reading and Writing in the Content Areas and Study Skills

Reading Literature

Approaches to Teaching Reading

Writing and Reading

Creating and Managing a Literacy Program

Filters

Exam 1: The Nature of Literacy 1

In what ways is literacy instruction top-down, bottom-up, or interactionist?

According to Pressley, Allington, Wharton-McDonald, Block, & Morrow, what is the most outstanding characteristic of highly effective teachers?

Which of the following skills is most essential as students begin to search for and encounter unregulated information on the Internet?

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral approach?

What is the role of culture in the literacy program?

The ultimate goal of Common Core State Standards is __________.

What is the readerʹs main role in the reading process, and how has it changed over the years?

What does the sentence ?We eated our lunch? spoken by a young child indicate about learning language?

According to research by Berliner (1981) and others, students make the most progress when they are reading materials in which they know ________ percent of the words.

Which of the following is the best example of a teaching technique that is functional and contextual?

The true test of reading is whether a student can

What are some behavioral, cognitive, and cognitive behavioral practices that can be found in literacy programs?

Which of the following practices would most likely lead to an aesthetic response?

What are the ten principles of teaching reading? Why is each important?

What is the role of the New Literacies in todayʹs reading program?

What is the zone of proximal development (ZDP)?

According to Todd Risley, the most important thing parents can do to develop their children?s verbal intelligence is to

What is your approach to teaching literacy? Does it use elements of behavioral, cognitive, or cognitive behavioral approaches? After describing it, explain how you might implement your approach.

Which of the following is a top-down approach to reading?

What are the key characteristics of an effective teacher?

Teaching All Students

Assessing for Learning

Fostering Emergentearly Literacy

Teaching Phonics, High-Frequency Words, and Syllabic Analysis

Building Vocabulary

Comprehension: Theory and Strategies

Comprehension: Text Structures and Teaching Procedures

Reading and Writing in the Content Areas and Study Skills

Reading Literature

Approaches to Teaching Reading

Writing and Reading

Creating and Managing a Literacy Program

Filters