Question 1

What are among the usual effects of meditation?​

Accepted Answer

A) Increased muscle strength and recovered memories of early childhood 
B) ​Decreased need for sleep and increased ability to predict the future 
C) ​Visual distortions and auditory hallucinations 
D) ​Increased attention and decreased anxiety 
A) Increased muscle strength and recovered memories of early childhood 
B) ​Decreased need for sleep and increased ability to predict the future 
C) ​Visual distortions and auditory hallucinations 
D) ​Increased attention and decreased anxiety D

Question 2

​Is it possible to hypnotize someone who does not wish to cooperate?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, if the hypnotist has a highly dominant personality. 
B) ​Yes, if the participant being hypnotized is mentally defective. 
C) ​Yes, if the hypnotist knows which phrases to repeat. 
D) ​No. 
A) Yes, if the hypnotist has a highly dominant personality. 
B) ​Yes, if the participant being hypnotized is mentally defective. 
C) ​Yes, if the hypnotist knows which phrases to repeat. 
D) ​No. D

Question 3

Why do most people in eastern Germany prefer to awaken a bit earlier than those in west Germany?​

Accepted Answer

A) The television schedule keeps people awake later in west Germany than in east Germany. 
B) ​The workday starts earlier in east Germany than is west Germany. 
C) ​On average, the people in east Germany are younger than those in west Germany. 
D) ​The sun rises earlier in east Germany. 
A) The television schedule keeps people awake later in west Germany than in east Germany. 
B) ​The workday starts earlier in east Germany than is west Germany. 
C) ​On average, the people in east Germany are younger than those in west Germany. 
D) ​The sun rises earlier in east Germany. D

Question 4

​If you stay in a cave with no light,you still maintain a 24-hour cycle of waking and sleeping.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) Your brain generates the cycle. 
B) ​You detect the pull of the moon, just as the tides do. 
C) ​You respond to slight changes in temperature. 
D) ​You maintain a learned habit. 
A) Your brain generates the cycle. 
B) ​You detect the pull of the moon, just as the tides do. 
C) ​You respond to slight changes in temperature. 
D) ​You maintain a learned habit.

Question 5

To test whether hypnotized subjects might do anything they would ordinarily refuse to do,a researcher asked hypnotized people to pick up a venomous snake and to do other dangerous acts.What happened?​

Accepted Answer

A) Hypnotized people refused to do these acts, and immediately came out of hypnosis. 
B) ​Hypnotized people refused to do these acts, but remained under hypnosis. 
C) ​Unlike nonhypnotized people, many hypnotized people did the dangerous acts. 
D) ​Many of both hypnotized and nonhypnotized people did the dangerous acts. 
A) Hypnotized people refused to do these acts, and immediately came out of hypnosis. 
B) ​Hypnotized people refused to do these acts, but remained under hypnosis. 
C) ​Unlike nonhypnotized people, many hypnotized people did the dangerous acts. 
D) ​Many of both hypnotized and nonhypnotized people did the dangerous acts.

Question 6

How does brain activity differ when you are conscious of some stimulus,compared to times when you are not conscious of the same stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) Activity is greater and spreads more widely when you are conscious of something. 
B) The action potentials travel faster when you are conscious of something. 
C) Activity includes the pineal gland when you are conscious of something. 
D) Activity is limited to the right hemisphere when you are conscious of something. 
A) Activity is greater and spreads more widely when you are conscious of something. 
B) The action potentials travel faster when you are conscious of something. 
C) Activity includes the pineal gland when you are conscious of something. 
D) Activity is limited to the right hemisphere when you are conscious of something.

Question 7

Which type of blind person tends to be wakeful in synchrony with sunlight,and why?​

Accepted Answer

A) People blind as a result of cortical damage continue to synchronize to sunlight, because visual input still reaches the brain area that controls wakefulness. 
B) ​People blind as a result of cortical damage continue to synchronize to sunlight, because they respond to the gravitational pull of the sun. 
C) ​People blind as a result of eye damage continue to synchronize to sunlight, because they respond to light striking the skin. 
D) ​People blind as a result of eye damage continue to synchronize to sunlight, because they respond to the gravitational pull of the sun. 
A) People blind as a result of cortical damage continue to synchronize to sunlight, because visual input still reaches the brain area that controls wakefulness. 
B) ​People blind as a result of cortical damage continue to synchronize to sunlight, because they respond to the gravitational pull of the sun. 
C) ​People blind as a result of eye damage continue to synchronize to sunlight, because they respond to light striking the skin. 
D) ​People blind as a result of eye damage continue to synchronize to sunlight, because they respond to the gravitational pull of the sun.

Question 8

When are long,slow,high-amplitude EEG waves most common?​

Accepted Answer

A) During stage 4 sleep 
B) ​During REM sleep 
C) ​During stage 1 sleep 
D) ​During wakefulness 
A) During stage 4 sleep 
B) ​During REM sleep 
C) ​During stage 1 sleep 
D) ​During wakefulness

Question 9

​Which result suggests that someone in a vegetative state might be conscious?

Accepted Answer

A) Some people in a vegetative state learned to blink their eyes to spell words. 
B) ​The brain shows increased activity during times when body temperature increases. 
C) ​An instruction to imagine doing something activated appropriate areas of the brain. 
D) ​Some people in a vegetative state turn toward the voices of people they know. 
A) Some people in a vegetative state learned to blink their eyes to spell words. 
B) ​The brain shows increased activity during times when body temperature increases. 
C) ​An instruction to imagine doing something activated appropriate areas of the brain. 
D) ​Some people in a vegetative state turn toward the voices of people they know.

Question 10

Someone with sudden attacks of sleepiness during the day has which disorder?​

Accepted Answer

A) Sleep apnea 
B) ​Narcolepsy 
C) ​Periodic limb movement disorder 
D) ​Korsakoff's syndrome 
A) Sleep apnea 
B) ​Narcolepsy 
C) ​Periodic limb movement disorder 
D) ​Korsakoff's syndrome

Question 11

What is a key difference between spontaneous movements and movements in response to a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) Spontaneous movements are faster and fatigue more rapidly. 
B) Spontaneous movements have more accurate aim. 
C) Spontaneous movements use a different pattern of muscles. 
D) Spontaneous movements develop more gradually. 
A) Spontaneous movements are faster and fatigue more rapidly. 
B) Spontaneous movements have more accurate aim. 
C) Spontaneous movements use a different pattern of muscles. 
D) Spontaneous movements develop more gradually.

Question 12

What suggested that a woman in a vegetative state was conscious?

Accepted Answer

A) She turned toward the voices of familiar people but not unfamiliar people. 
B) Part of her brain responded to the instruction, "imagine playing tennis." 
C) She occasionally smiled or frowned while music was playing. 
D) Painful stimuli caused an increase in her body temperature. 
A) She turned toward the voices of familiar people but not unfamiliar people. 
B) Part of her brain responded to the instruction, "imagine playing tennis." 
C) She occasionally smiled or frowned while music was playing. 
D) Painful stimuli caused an increase in her body temperature.

Question 13

When hypnosis relieves pain,what is changing most strongly?

Accepted Answer

A) The responsiveness of pain receptors in the skin 
B) The person's verbal report of what is actually the same pain experience as usual 
C) The speed of conduction of pain messages between the spinal cord and the brain 
D) The person's emotional response to the pain 
A) The responsiveness of pain receptors in the skin 
B) The person's verbal report of what is actually the same pain experience as usual 
C) The speed of conduction of pain messages between the spinal cord and the brain 
D) The person's emotional response to the pain

Question 14

​Periodic limb movement disorder is most common for whom?

Accepted Answer

A) Overweight men 
B) ​Children with attention deficit disorder 
C) ​People who abuse alcohol 
D) ​People over age 50 
A) Overweight men 
B) ​Children with attention deficit disorder 
C) ​People who abuse alcohol 
D) ​People over age 50

Question 15

Suppose someone under hypnosis reports memory of a previous life in a country far away.To check the believability of the report,what would be a good question to ask?​

Accepted Answer

A) What events do you remember in the most vivid detail? 
B) ​How many brothers, sisters, and cousins did you have? 
C) ​Did you have any deep emotional experiences? 
D) ​What does the money in that country look like? 
A) What events do you remember in the most vivid detail? 
B) ​How many brothers, sisters, and cousins did you have? 
C) ​Did you have any deep emotional experiences? 
D) ​What does the money in that country look like?

Question 16

People made a spontaneous decision of when to flex a wrist,and later reported the time of that decision.What was the key result?

Accepted Answer

A) The reported decision took place a few milliseconds before the brain activity began. 
B) The reported decision took place at the same time when the brain activity began. 
C) Brain activity preparing for the movement started before the reported decision. 
D) Most people reported the time of the decision at the same time the movement started. 
A) The reported decision took place a few milliseconds before the brain activity began. 
B) The reported decision took place at the same time when the brain activity began. 
C) Brain activity preparing for the movement started before the reported decision. 
D) Most people reported the time of the decision at the same time the movement started.

Question 17

Which of these terms is synonymous with REM sleep?​

Accepted Answer

A) Narcolepsy 
B) ​Synesthesia 
C) ​Stage 4 sleep 
D) ​Paradoxical sleep 
A) Narcolepsy 
B) ​Synesthesia 
C) ​Stage 4 sleep 
D) ​Paradoxical sleep

Question 18

The phenomenon of sleepwalking demonstrates which of the following?​

Accepted Answer

A) Part of the brain can be awake while another part is asleep. 
B) ​Coordinated movements can occur without brain activity. 
C) ​The unconscious mind is stronger than the conscious mind. 
D) ​During REM sleep, people regress to the behaviors of infancy or early childhood. 
A) Part of the brain can be awake while another part is asleep. 
B) ​Coordinated movements can occur without brain activity. 
C) ​The unconscious mind is stronger than the conscious mind. 
D) ​During REM sleep, people regress to the behaviors of infancy or early childhood.

Question 19

A cycle from stage 1 sleep to stage 4 and then to REM sleep typically lasts about how long?

Accepted Answer

A) A few minutes 
B) An hour 
C) 90 to 100 minutes 
D) 7 to 8 hours 
A) A few minutes 
B) An hour 
C) 90 to 100 minutes 
D) 7 to 8 hours

Question 20

When people stay awake for 3 days in a row,how does their sleepiness vary over time?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases each night and decreases the next morning. 
B) It increases steadily as time passes. 
C) It increases and decreases on a 90-minute cycle. 
D) It increases for the first 24 hours and then remains constant. 
A) It increases each night and decreases the next morning. 
B) It increases steadily as time passes. 
C) It increases and decreases on a 90-minute cycle. 
D) It increases for the first 24 hours and then remains constant.

Exam 10: Consciousnessconsciousness

What are among the usual effects of meditation?​

​Is it possible to hypnotize someone who does not wish to cooperate?

Why do most people in eastern Germany prefer to awaken a bit earlier than those in west Germany?​

​If you stay in a cave with no light,you still maintain a 24-hour cycle of waking and sleeping.Why?

To test whether hypnotized subjects might do anything they would ordinarily refuse to do,a researcher asked hypnotized people to pick up a venomous snake and to do other dangerous acts.What happened?​

How does brain activity differ when you are conscious of some stimulus,compared to times when you are not conscious of the same stimulus?

Which type of blind person tends to be wakeful in synchrony with sunlight,and why?​

When are long,slow,high-amplitude EEG waves most common?​

​Which result suggests that someone in a vegetative state might be conscious?

Someone with sudden attacks of sleepiness during the day has which disorder?​

What is a key difference between spontaneous movements and movements in response to a stimulus?

What suggested that a woman in a vegetative state was conscious?

When hypnosis relieves pain,what is changing most strongly?

​Periodic limb movement disorder is most common for whom?

Suppose someone under hypnosis reports memory of a previous life in a country far away.To check the believability of the report,what would be a good question to ask?​

People made a spontaneous decision of when to flex a wrist,and later reported the time of that decision.What was the key result?

Which of these terms is synonymous with REM sleep?​

The phenomenon of sleepwalking demonstrates which of the following?​

A cycle from stage 1 sleep to stage 4 and then to REM sleep typically lasts about how long?

When people stay awake for 3 days in a row,how does their sleepiness vary over time?

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What are among the usual effects of meditation?

Is it possible to hypnotize someone who does not wish to cooperate?

Why do most people in eastern Germany prefer to awaken a bit earlier than those in west Germany?

If you stay in a cave with no light,you still maintain a 24-hour cycle of waking and sleeping.Why?

To test whether hypnotized subjects might do anything they would ordinarily refuse to do,a researcher asked hypnotized people to pick up a venomous snake and to do other dangerous acts.What happened?

Which type of blind person tends to be wakeful in synchrony with sunlight,and why?

When are long,slow,high-amplitude EEG waves most common?

Which result suggests that someone in a vegetative state might be conscious?

Someone with sudden attacks of sleepiness during the day has which disorder?

Periodic limb movement disorder is most common for whom?

Suppose someone under hypnosis reports memory of a previous life in a country far away.To check the believability of the report,what would be a good question to ask?

Which of these terms is synonymous with REM sleep?

The phenomenon of sleepwalking demonstrates which of the following?