Question 1

​When young children make language mistakes,what do the mistakes reveal?

Accepted Answer

A) The children forget the new words they learn within a few days. 
B) ​The children do not hear the difference between the letters "b" and "d." 
C) ​The children try to memorize phrases and repeat them word for word. 
D) ​The children learn grammatical rules and overapply them. 
A) The children forget the new words they learn within a few days. 
B) ​The children do not hear the difference between the letters "b" and "d." 
C) ​The children try to memorize phrases and repeat them word for word. 
D) ​The children learn grammatical rules and overapply them. D

Question 2

How does someone decide on a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder?​

Accepted Answer

A) From behavioral observations 
B) ​By examining certain chromosomes 
C) ​By measurements of brain activity 
D) ​By measurements of brain volume 
A) From behavioral observations 
B) ​By examining certain chromosomes 
C) ​By measurements of brain activity 
D) ​By measurements of brain volume A

Question 3

​System 1 thinking and System 2 thinking differ in which regard?

Accepted Answer

A) Whether you think in words or imagine something in pictures 
B) ​Whether you decide by yourself or consult with others 
C) ​Whether you rely on your left hemisphere or your right hemisphere 
D) ​Whether you respond quickly or after careful thought 
A) Whether you think in words or imagine something in pictures 
B) ​Whether you decide by yourself or consult with others 
C) ​Whether you rely on your left hemisphere or your right hemisphere 
D) ​Whether you respond quickly or after careful thought D

Question 4

When people hear something intermediate between dent and tent,in which of these sentences would the they be EQUALLY likely to report either DENT or TENT?​

Accepted Answer

A) We began a long hike after we carefully camouflaged the (*ENT) in the forest. 
B) ​We returned the rental car after we carefully covered up the (*ENT) on the fender. 
C) ​When we went camping, we found a good place to put our (*ENT) in the forest. 
D) ​After the (*ENT) was noticed, we tried very hard to conceal it before returning the car. 
A) We began a long hike after we carefully camouflaged the (*ENT) in the forest. 
B) ​We returned the rental car after we carefully covered up the (*ENT) on the fender. 
C) ​When we went camping, we found a good place to put our (*ENT) in the forest. 
D) ​After the (*ENT) was noticed, we tried very hard to conceal it before returning the car.

Question 5

What happens when old people spend much time doing crossword puzzles?​

Accepted Answer

A) They improve their overall intelligence and alertness. 
B) ​They improve their overall memory, but not overall intelligence. 
C) ​They get better at crossword puzzles, but not at much else. 
D) ​They show no improvement in any regard. 
A) They improve their overall intelligence and alertness. 
B) ​They improve their overall memory, but not overall intelligence. 
C) ​They get better at crossword puzzles, but not at much else. 
D) ​They show no improvement in any regard.

Question 6

Why do so many languages use something like "muh" to mean mother?​

Accepted Answer

A) Making that sound increases the release of serotonin. 
B) ​Making that sound decreases the probability of crying. 
C) ​That is the most common sound in almost every language. 
D) ​Infants easily and spontaneously make that sound. 
A) Making that sound increases the release of serotonin. 
B) ​Making that sound decreases the probability of crying. 
C) ​That is the most common sound in almost every language. 
D) ​Infants easily and spontaneously make that sound.

Question 7

What is a phoneme?​

Accepted Answer

A) A unit of meaning 
B) ​A unit of sound 
C) ​A unit of spelling 
D) ​A unit of grammar 
A) A unit of meaning 
B) ​A unit of sound 
C) ​A unit of spelling 
D) ​A unit of grammar

Question 8

The language abilities of bonobos differ from those of common chimpanzees in what way?​

Accepted Answer

A) Bonobos often use symbols to describe events instead of requesting. 
B) ​Bonobos communicate only with each other, not with people. 
C) ​Bonobos show less indication of understanding the symbols they use. 
D) ​Bonobos use symbols to express humor. 
A) Bonobos often use symbols to describe events instead of requesting. 
B) ​Bonobos communicate only with each other, not with people. 
C) ​Bonobos show less indication of understanding the symbols they use. 
D) ​Bonobos use symbols to express humor.

Question 9

Under which circumstances are people most likely to make a risky decision?​

Accepted Answer

A) When isolated from other people they know 
B) To gain something of value​ 
C) To avoid losing something of value 
D) When dealing with highly important matters​ 
A) When isolated from other people they know 
B) To gain something of value​ 
C) To avoid losing something of value 
D) When dealing with highly important matters​

Question 10

What might cause students to do better on a test written in blurry ink?​

Accepted Answer

A) Slower reading enabled spreading activation to take place. 
B) ​Slower reading prompted students to use the availability heuristic. 
C) ​Slower reading prompted students to use System 2 thinking. 
D) ​Slower reading shifted thinking from the left hemisphere to the right hemisphere. 
A) Slower reading enabled spreading activation to take place. 
B) ​Slower reading prompted students to use the availability heuristic. 
C) ​Slower reading prompted students to use System 2 thinking. 
D) ​Slower reading shifted thinking from the left hemisphere to the right hemisphere.

Question 11

Which of these is most true about how children develop language?​

Accepted Answer

A) Speed of progress through language stages depends on how often language is heard. 
B) ​For the first three or four years, children simply memorize their parents' phrases. 
C) ​Even young children learn certain grammatical rules and apply them. 
D) ​Language development depends on schedules of reinforcement. 
A) Speed of progress through language stages depends on how often language is heard. 
B) ​For the first three or four years, children simply memorize their parents' phrases. 
C) ​Even young children learn certain grammatical rules and apply them. 
D) ​Language development depends on schedules of reinforcement.

Question 12

An expert chess player and an average player view a chessboard briefly and then try to remember the placement of pieces.What happens?​

Accepted Answer

A) The expert remembers better only if the pieces are arranged as in a normal game. 
B) The expert remembers better, regardless of how the pieces are arranged. 
C) ​Both remember equally well at first, but the expert remembers longer. 
D) ​The average player remembers better, regardless of how the pieces are arranged. 
A) The expert remembers better only if the pieces are arranged as in a normal game. 
B) The expert remembers better, regardless of how the pieces are arranged. 
C) ​Both remember equally well at first, but the expert remembers longer. 
D) ​The average player remembers better, regardless of how the pieces are arranged.

Question 13

What is meant by the "Stroop effect"?​

Accepted Answer

A) For an instant after attending to something, we often overlook something else. 
B) ​An explanation for making some choice is often made up later. 
C) ​It is easy to fail to notice something changing, if we were attending to something else. 
D) ​It is often easier to read a word than to say the color of the ink. 
A) For an instant after attending to something, we often overlook something else. 
B) ​An explanation for making some choice is often made up later. 
C) ​It is easy to fail to notice something changing, if we were attending to something else. 
D) ​It is often easier to read a word than to say the color of the ink.

Question 14

Which of these is an example of the Stroop effect?​

Accepted Answer

A) If you see the word YELLOW written in blue letters, it is easier to say "yellow" than "blue." 
B) ​If you can easily think of several examples of some item, you assume the item is common. 
C) ​When you explain why you made some choice, you often make up your answer afterward. 
D) ​After you spend much time or money on a project, you don't want to give up on it. 
A) If you see the word YELLOW written in blue letters, it is easier to say "yellow" than "blue." 
B) ​If you can easily think of several examples of some item, you assume the item is common. 
C) ​When you explain why you made some choice, you often make up your answer afterward. 
D) ​After you spend much time or money on a project, you don't want to give up on it.

Question 15

​What kind of thinking or problem solving relies on "System 1"?

Accepted Answer

A) Decisions about social interactions 
B) ​Decisions about hand or arm movements 
C) ​Decisions about nonverbal problems 
D) ​Quick, almost automatic decisions 
A) Decisions about social interactions 
B) ​Decisions about hand or arm movements 
C) ​Decisions about nonverbal problems 
D) ​Quick, almost automatic decisions

Question 16

​When people report how something would look from a different angle,they say they "imagined rotating the object." What evidence did Shepard and Metzler present to support this idea?

Accepted Answer

A) When people look at unfamiliar objects, their accuracy on this question decreases. 
B) ​While people think about the problem, their hands move as if moving something. 
C) ​While people think about the problem, their eyes move as if watching something. 
D) ​The delay of response is proportional to the angular distance of rotation. 
A) When people look at unfamiliar objects, their accuracy on this question decreases. 
B) ​While people think about the problem, their hands move as if moving something. 
C) ​While people think about the problem, their eyes move as if watching something. 
D) ​The delay of response is proportional to the angular distance of rotation.

Question 17

​If many gauges have indicators pointing to the right,but one is pointing down,you notice the odd one at once,regardless of how many other gauges are present.What directs your attention?

Accepted Answer

A) A top-down process 
B) ​An attentive process 
C) ​A preattentive process 
D) ​A random process 
A) A top-down process 
B) ​An attentive process 
C) ​A preattentive process 
D) ​A random process

Question 18

In which condition do people show poor language comprehension,despite fluent,grammatical speech?​

Accepted Answer

A) Broca's aphasia 
B) ​Wernicke's aphasia 
C) ​Williams syndrome 
D) ​Korsakoff's syndrome 
A) Broca's aphasia 
B) ​Wernicke's aphasia 
C) ​Williams syndrome 
D) ​Korsakoff's syndrome

Question 19

​Which of these helps explain the early failures to teach chimpanzees to talk?

Accepted Answer

A) Chimpanzees are not interested in the same things that humans are. 
B) ​The psychologists trying to train the chimpanzees used insufficient reinforcements. 
C) ​Chimpanzees hear sounds higher than the human range. 
D) ​Chimpanzees are unable to make human sounds. 
A) Chimpanzees are not interested in the same things that humans are. 
B) ​The psychologists trying to train the chimpanzees used insufficient reinforcements. 
C) ​Chimpanzees hear sounds higher than the human range. 
D) ​Chimpanzees are unable to make human sounds.

Question 20

​When hearing one word helps you think of another word,what do we call that tendency?

Accepted Answer

A) Availability heuristic 
B) ​The framing effect 
C) ​Attentional blink 
D) ​Priming 
A) Availability heuristic 
B) ​The framing effect 
C) ​Attentional blink 
D) ​Priming

Exam 8: Cognition and Language

​When young children make language mistakes,what do the mistakes reveal?

How does someone decide on a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder?​

​System 1 thinking and System 2 thinking differ in which regard?

When people hear something intermediate between dent and tent,in which of these sentences would the they be EQUALLY likely to report either DENT or TENT?​

What happens when old people spend much time doing crossword puzzles?​

Why do so many languages use something like "muh" to mean mother?​

What is a phoneme?​

The language abilities of bonobos differ from those of common chimpanzees in what way?​

Under which circumstances are people most likely to make a risky decision?​

What might cause students to do better on a test written in blurry ink?​

Which of these is most true about how children develop language?​

An expert chess player and an average player view a chessboard briefly and then try to remember the placement of pieces.What happens?​

What is meant by the "Stroop effect"?​

Which of these is an example of the Stroop effect?​

​What kind of thinking or problem solving relies on "System 1"?

​When people report how something would look from a different angle,they say they "imagined rotating the object." What evidence did Shepard and Metzler present to support this idea?

​If many gauges have indicators pointing to the right,but one is pointing down,you notice the odd one at once,regardless of how many other gauges are present.What directs your attention?

In which condition do people show poor language comprehension,despite fluent,grammatical speech?​

​Which of these helps explain the early failures to teach chimpanzees to talk?

​When hearing one word helps you think of another word,what do we call that tendency?

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

When young children make language mistakes,what do the mistakes reveal?

How does someone decide on a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder?

System 1 thinking and System 2 thinking differ in which regard?

When people hear something intermediate between dent and tent,in which of these sentences would the they be EQUALLY likely to report either DENT or TENT?

What happens when old people spend much time doing crossword puzzles?

Why do so many languages use something like "muh" to mean mother?

What is a phoneme?

The language abilities of bonobos differ from those of common chimpanzees in what way?

Under which circumstances are people most likely to make a risky decision?

What might cause students to do better on a test written in blurry ink?

Which of these is most true about how children develop language?

An expert chess player and an average player view a chessboard briefly and then try to remember the placement of pieces.What happens?

What is meant by the "Stroop effect"?

Which of these is an example of the Stroop effect?

What kind of thinking or problem solving relies on "System 1"?

When people report how something would look from a different angle,they say they "imagined rotating the object." What evidence did Shepard and Metzler present to support this idea?

If many gauges have indicators pointing to the right,but one is pointing down,you notice the odd one at once,regardless of how many other gauges are present.What directs your attention?

In which condition do people show poor language comprehension,despite fluent,grammatical speech?

Which of these helps explain the early failures to teach chimpanzees to talk?

When hearing one word helps you think of another word,what do we call that tendency?