Question 1

Because Thorndike's cats gradually improved their performance,without any point of sudden change,what did he conclude?​

Accepted Answer

A) Solving the problem depends on both classical and operant conditioning. 
B) Learning does not depend on understanding or insight.​ 
C) Learning requires conscious reasoning.​ 
D) Heredity and environment are equally important for animal learning.​ 
A) Solving the problem depends on both classical and operant conditioning. 
B) Learning does not depend on understanding or insight.​ 
C) Learning requires conscious reasoning.​ 
D) Heredity and environment are equally important for animal learning.​ B

Question 2

​In classical conditioning,which term describes a learned decrease in the conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A) Generalization 
B) ​Extinction 
C) ​Spontaneous recovery 
D) ​Discrimination 
A) Generalization 
B) ​Extinction 
C) ​Spontaneous recovery 
D) ​Discrimination B

Question 3

In the first trial for classical conditioning,what response,if any,occurs?​

Accepted Answer

A) Only the unconditioned response 
B) ​Only the conditioned response 
C) ​Both a conditioned response and an unconditioned response 
D) No response​ 
A) Only the unconditioned response 
B) ​Only the conditioned response 
C) ​Both a conditioned response and an unconditioned response 
D) No response​ A

Question 4

If you are a good writer but a poor athlete,you might imitate good writers but not athletes.Why?​

Accepted Answer

A) A difference in algorithms 
B) A difference in schedules of reinforcement​ 
C) A difference in self-efficacy​ 
D) A difference in heuristics​ 
A) A difference in algorithms 
B) A difference in schedules of reinforcement​ 
C) A difference in self-efficacy​ 
D) A difference in heuristics​

Question 5

What did Thorndike mean by the law of effect?​

Accepted Answer

A) Reinforcement makes the previous response become more probable. 
B) The best way to train a response is to reinforce successive approximations to it.​ 
C) Extinction proceeds faster after continuous reinforcement than after partial reinforcement.​ 
D) Reinforcement produces changes in certain types of synapses.​ 
A) Reinforcement makes the previous response become more probable. 
B) The best way to train a response is to reinforce successive approximations to it.​ 
C) Extinction proceeds faster after continuous reinforcement than after partial reinforcement.​ 
D) Reinforcement produces changes in certain types of synapses.​

Question 6

​On the first trial for classical conditioning,what do the CS and UCS elicit?

Accepted Answer

A) The CS elicits no response and the UCS elicits no response 
B) ​The CS elicits no response and the UCS elicits the UCR 
C) The CS elicits the CR and the UCS elicits the UCR​ 
D) The CS elicits the CR and the UCS elicits no response​ 
A) The CS elicits no response and the UCS elicits no response 
B) ​The CS elicits no response and the UCS elicits the UCR 
C) The CS elicits the CR and the UCS elicits the UCR​ 
D) The CS elicits the CR and the UCS elicits no response​

Question 7

In an action video game,you get points every time you aim correctly.This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?​

Accepted Answer

A) Continuous 
B) Variable-ratio​ 
C) Fixed-interval​ 
D) Variable-interval​ 
A) Continuous 
B) Variable-ratio​ 
C) Fixed-interval​ 
D) Variable-interval​

Question 8

A bell rings,an animal sits up and salivates,and then the experimenter delivers food.This could be either classical or operant conditioning.To decide which one it is,what do we need to know?​

Accepted Answer

A) How rapidly the animal forgets during a period without training 
B) Whether the animal sits up immediately after the bell, or after a delay​ 
C) Which happens first, sitting up or salivating​ 
D) Whether the bell always predicts food, or if only after the animal sits up​ 
A) How rapidly the animal forgets during a period without training 
B) Whether the animal sits up immediately after the bell, or after a delay​ 
C) Which happens first, sitting up or salivating​ 
D) Whether the bell always predicts food, or if only after the animal sits up​

Question 9

What is a major difference between operant conditioning and classical conditioning?​

Accepted Answer

A) In operant conditioning, the learner's response controls what happens next. 
B) Classical conditioning associates three events instead of two.​ 
C) Responses learned in operant conditioning are rapidly forgotten unless rehearsed often.​ 
D) Classical conditioning controls skeletal muscles; operant conditioning controls the viscera.​ 
A) In operant conditioning, the learner's response controls what happens next. 
B) Classical conditioning associates three events instead of two.​ 
C) Responses learned in operant conditioning are rapidly forgotten unless rehearsed often.​ 
D) Classical conditioning controls skeletal muscles; operant conditioning controls the viscera.​

Question 10

In operant conditioning,what does shaping mean?​

Accepted Answer

A) Putting the animal's body into a position to make a desired response 
B) Reinforcing approximations to a desired response​ 
C) Stimulating brain areas that lead to a desired response​ 
D) Recording every instance of a desired response​ 
A) Putting the animal's body into a position to make a desired response 
B) Reinforcing approximations to a desired response​ 
C) Stimulating brain areas that lead to a desired response​ 
D) Recording every instance of a desired response​

Question 11

When Pavlov paired a buzzer with food and measured salivation,what was the unconditioned stimulus?​

Accepted Answer

A) The buzzer 
B) ​The food 
C) ​Salivation 
D) Both the buzzer and the food​ 
A) The buzzer 
B) ​The food 
C) ​Salivation 
D) Both the buzzer and the food​

Question 12

What is an unconditioned reflex?​

Accepted Answer

A) An automatic connection between a stimulus and a response 
B) ​A learned connection between a stimulus and a response 
C) A procedure for teaching an animal to respond to a stimulus​ 
D) A response that has generalized from a trained stimulus to a new stimulus​ 
A) An automatic connection between a stimulus and a response 
B) ​A learned connection between a stimulus and a response 
C) A procedure for teaching an animal to respond to a stimulus​ 
D) A response that has generalized from a trained stimulus to a new stimulus​

Question 13

In the classical conditioning interpretation of drug tolerance,what is the unconditioned response?​

Accepted Answer

A) The procedure of administering the drug 
B) ​The entry of the drug into the brain 
C) The social setting in which someone takes the drug​ 
D) The body's defenses against the drug​ 
A) The procedure of administering the drug 
B) ​The entry of the drug into the brain 
C) The social setting in which someone takes the drug​ 
D) The body's defenses against the drug​

Question 14

​The idea of preparedness in learning is consistent with which of these assumptions?

Accepted Answer

A) Animal species with larger brains tend to learn faster than those with smaller brains. 
B) Learning proceeds more swiftly if it combines classical and operant conditioning.​ 
C) It is easiest to learn something that is likely to be useful in nature.​ 
D) Learning proceeds more swiftly if it activates the left and right hemispheres equally.​ 
A) Animal species with larger brains tend to learn faster than those with smaller brains. 
B) Learning proceeds more swiftly if it combines classical and operant conditioning.​ 
C) It is easiest to learn something that is likely to be useful in nature.​ 
D) Learning proceeds more swiftly if it activates the left and right hemispheres equally.​

Question 15

​What does the disequilibrium principle state?

Accepted Answer

A) Heredity and environment contribute equally to both classical and operant conditioning. 
B) Reinforcement increases the balance of activity between the left and right hemispheres.​ 
C) ​If you have been deprived of doing something, a chance to do it will be reinforcing. 
D) Punishment is most effective for someone who has also received much reinforcement.​ 
A) Heredity and environment contribute equally to both classical and operant conditioning. 
B) Reinforcement increases the balance of activity between the left and right hemispheres.​ 
C) ​If you have been deprived of doing something, a chance to do it will be reinforcing. 
D) Punishment is most effective for someone who has also received much reinforcement.​

Question 16

​Which of these is true in operant conditioning,but not in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) The events to be associated occur close together in time. 
B) The only response is a visceral change such as salivation or a change in heart rate.​ 
C) The individual's response controls the delivery of reinforcement.​ 
D) The response is forgotten quickly unless it is rehearsed frequently.​ 
A) The events to be associated occur close together in time. 
B) The only response is a visceral change such as salivation or a change in heart rate.​ 
C) The individual's response controls the delivery of reinforcement.​ 
D) The response is forgotten quickly unless it is rehearsed frequently.​

Question 17

According to classical conditioning interpretation of drug tolerance,which procedure should lead to extinction of the tolerance (and therefore increased response to the drug)?​

Accepted Answer

A) Lengthening the delay between one drug administration and the next one 
B) Getting regular amounts of sleep at the same time each night​ 
C) Taking the drug repeatedly in the same place, under the same conditions​ 
D) Going through the injection procedure, without the drug itself​ 
A) Lengthening the delay between one drug administration and the next one 
B) Getting regular amounts of sleep at the same time each night​ 
C) Taking the drug repeatedly in the same place, under the same conditions​ 
D) Going through the injection procedure, without the drug itself​

Question 18

In classical conditioning,suppose the CS always occurs 2 seconds before the UCS.When will the CR occur?​

Accepted Answer

A) Before the CS 
B) Immediately after the CS​ 
C) Almost 2 seconds after the CS​ 
D) Immediately after the UCS​ 
A) Before the CS 
B) Immediately after the CS​ 
C) Almost 2 seconds after the CS​ 
D) Immediately after the UCS​

Question 19

You attend every new movie at your local theater,but you enjoy only about half of them.Which schedule of reinforcement is this?​

Accepted Answer

A) Fixed-interval 
B) Variable-interval​ 
C) Fixed-ratio​ 
D) Variable-ratio​ 
A) Fixed-interval 
B) Variable-interval​ 
C) Fixed-ratio​ 
D) Variable-ratio​

Question 20

Pavlov and Skinner thought animals could associate any two events with each other equally easily.What is a well-documented exception to that rule?

Accepted Answer

A) Animals very easily associate a buzzing sound with a need to turn to the right. 
B) Animals very easily associate a ticking sound with a need to turn to the left.​ 
C) Animals very easily associate a taste with illness.​ 
D) Animals very easily associate a taste with painful shock.​ 
A) Animals very easily associate a buzzing sound with a need to turn to the right. 
B) Animals very easily associate a ticking sound with a need to turn to the left.​ 
C) Animals very easily associate a taste with illness.​ 
D) Animals very easily associate a taste with painful shock.​

Exam 6: Learning

Because Thorndike's cats gradually improved their performance,without any point of sudden change,what did he conclude?​

​In classical conditioning,which term describes a learned decrease in the conditioned response?

In the first trial for classical conditioning,what response,if any,occurs?​

If you are a good writer but a poor athlete,you might imitate good writers but not athletes.Why?​

What did Thorndike mean by the law of effect?​

​On the first trial for classical conditioning,what do the CS and UCS elicit?

In an action video game,you get points every time you aim correctly.This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?​

A bell rings,an animal sits up and salivates,and then the experimenter delivers food.This could be either classical or operant conditioning.To decide which one it is,what do we need to know?​

What is a major difference between operant conditioning and classical conditioning?​

In operant conditioning,what does shaping mean?​

When Pavlov paired a buzzer with food and measured salivation,what was the unconditioned stimulus?​

What is an unconditioned reflex?​

In the classical conditioning interpretation of drug tolerance,what is the unconditioned response?​

​The idea of preparedness in learning is consistent with which of these assumptions?

​What does the disequilibrium principle state?

​Which of these is true in operant conditioning,but not in classical conditioning?

According to classical conditioning interpretation of drug tolerance,which procedure should lead to extinction of the tolerance (and therefore increased response to the drug)?​

In classical conditioning,suppose the CS always occurs 2 seconds before the UCS.When will the CR occur?​

You attend every new movie at your local theater,but you enjoy only about half of them.Which schedule of reinforcement is this?​

Pavlov and Skinner thought animals could associate any two events with each other equally easily.What is a well-documented exception to that rule?

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Filters

Because Thorndike's cats gradually improved their performance,without any point of sudden change,what did he conclude?

In classical conditioning,which term describes a learned decrease in the conditioned response?

In the first trial for classical conditioning,what response,if any,occurs?

If you are a good writer but a poor athlete,you might imitate good writers but not athletes.Why?

What did Thorndike mean by the law of effect?

On the first trial for classical conditioning,what do the CS and UCS elicit?

In an action video game,you get points every time you aim correctly.This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?

A bell rings,an animal sits up and salivates,and then the experimenter delivers food.This could be either classical or operant conditioning.To decide which one it is,what do we need to know?

What is a major difference between operant conditioning and classical conditioning?

In operant conditioning,what does shaping mean?

When Pavlov paired a buzzer with food and measured salivation,what was the unconditioned stimulus?

What is an unconditioned reflex?

In the classical conditioning interpretation of drug tolerance,what is the unconditioned response?

The idea of preparedness in learning is consistent with which of these assumptions?

What does the disequilibrium principle state?

Which of these is true in operant conditioning,but not in classical conditioning?

According to classical conditioning interpretation of drug tolerance,which procedure should lead to extinction of the tolerance (and therefore increased response to the drug)?

In classical conditioning,suppose the CS always occurs 2 seconds before the UCS.When will the CR occur?

You attend every new movie at your local theater,but you enjoy only about half of them.Which schedule of reinforcement is this?